In [1] we proposed an approach of formalizing piezo-bar actuator dynamics models in the engineer languages. The proposed models were based on a first approximation considering that the piezo-material is linear. However, as soon as the solicitations increase one will realize that this assumption is no longer valid because non-linearities are observed. And these phenomena can seriously affect the device performances. That is why several works are conducted in order to well understand the phenomena and eventually propose means of controlling them. So, above of all we shall give in this paper an overview of existing approaches. As said in [2], all these non-linearities in piezoelectric materials are well analyzed but mostly in the framework of the fundamental physics of crystals and thermodynamics and these descriptions are extremely difficult to handle. Therefore is important to make a bridge between the fundamental studies of piezoelectric materials and classical engineering field. It is actually the purpose of this paper. We will see that due to the complexity of the phenomena and especially numerical and algebraic troubles, some simplifications could be necessary.
The emergence of electro-active materials such as piezoelectric ones allows recently to think back actuating and sensing functions thanks to new principles of electromechanically conversion of energy. The interesting properties of these materials lead up to considering the generalization of their use in various applications such as automobile, aeronautics or machining. However this enthusiasm quickly goes away when a common engineer has to be confronted to the quasi absence of ready-to-be-used models of devices made of these materials [14]. This comes from the fact that piezoelectricity still remains the mind of the experts of materials. This is why in this paper we aim to formalize and wittingly simplify existing approaches of modeling piezo-actuators. Our goal is to make available to all a method of constituting at least a basic library of piezo-actuators models. This set of models is intended and designed to be completed by more deepen models integrating several aspects neglected in basic models.
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