Background: Diabetes, a non-communicable metabolic disease in perfect growth in the world, poses a problem of neurovascular dysfunction in the inner ear and the secondary immunodeficiency it causes gives a particular character to the clinical course of certain diseases of the ear, nose and throat (ENT) organs. Objective were to find out the prevalence of otorhinolaryngological disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus who presented themselves to the endocrinology and ENT departments of the Mali hospital, the diabetes center and the district hospital IV Bamako (Mali). Methods: The patients of the various departments concerned in our study, all benefited from screening consultations, we collected the data: socio-demographic, clinical and paraclinical, the management of the ENT disease and the ongoing treatment of diabetes. Results: ENT pathologies represented 2.08% of consultations of diabetic patients with a female predominance. The 46-55 age group represented 39.53%. Diabetes was type 2 in 91% of cases and fasting hyperglycemia was found in 65.12% of patients. Auditory neuropathy, influenzae rhinitis, otitis media were the common ENT diseases found in type 2 diabetics and in patients with a blood glucose greater than 1.80 gm/l.                                                                                                                        Conclusions:  Diabetes, a non-communicable metabolic disease in perfect growth in the world, causes a problem of neurovascular dysfunction in the inner ear and the secondary immunodeficiency it causes gives a particular character to the clinical course of certain disorders of the ENT organs. Auditory neuropathy, influenzae rhinitis, otitis media were the common ENT diseases found in type 2 diabetics.

Background: Nasopharyngitis is a public health problem due to the high frequency of medical consultations involving this condition, the significant economic cost of drug prescriptions. The etiologies are diverse, its management, first medicinal (whose contribution of bacteriology among many others), may require for some palpating indications a surgical cure. The objective was to identify the main bacteria responsible for nasopharyngitis in children within the ENT department of the District Hospital CIV Bamako. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study, over a period of 4 months, from 1 December 2018 to 31 March 2019 involving children with nasopharyngitis seen in consultation. The samples were taken by swabbing the nasopharynx using a sterile swab in accordance with the rules of asepsis and sterility and in the absence of antibiotic intake. Results: A total of 51 nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and analyzed using usual laboratory methods, 26 strains were isolated from 24 children. The age group of 1 to 4 years was mainly concerned. Main germs identified were Kocuria rosea 30.8%, Staphylococcus aureus 15.4%, Kocuria varians 11.5% Staphylococcus pneumoniae 7.7%. We observed a low percentage of resistance to penicillin G and tetracyclins. The majority of our strains were sensitive to macrolids. Conclusions: Nasopharyngitis of the child initial viral pathology, but whose clinical course may involve superinfection germs promoting complications. The bacteriological study of nasopharyngeal carriage rightly allows antibiotic therapy adapted to the germs in question, in this multivariate management of the nasopharyngeal disease of the child within our department.

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Otomycosis is more and more found in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), several factors (iterative antibiotic therapy, self-medication, general chronic diseases, climate), may explain this phenomenon which makes it more complex to start an adequate therapy. Objective was to highlight the place of otomycosis in chronic purulent otorrhea of the middle ear in tropical settings. Study settings were like the ENT unit of the reference health centre of commune IV of the district of Bamako, the Rodolphe Mérieux laboratory.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> We identified the bacteriological samples taken in our unit between February 2009 and February 2018.</p><p>The study involved 178 samples from a number of patients estimated at 148 with chronic purulent otitis media. All samples collected were transported and evaluated by both direct microscopic examination and culture method for bacteria and fungi examination, which were identified by standard procedures.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The female sex predominated with 60.82%. The mean age of the patients was 27 years (range 5 months to 91 years). Among 170 samples, 36.19% yielded fungal growth, 59.7% grew bacteria and 50.94% showed mixed growth of fungi and bacteria. Major fungal isolates were candida species (n=38). 21 isolates were identified as <em>Aspergillus</em>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study will have made it possible to confirm the significant place of otomycosis in the chronic suppurative pathology of middle ear in our structure, requiring its consideration in the adequate treatment of CSOM.</p>

<p>Epistaxis is a health ENT problem which is still current, this is one of the commonly encountered emergencies in Rhinology. The nasal mucosa suffered influence systemic, local, metabolic or hormonal disorders causing a slowdown of muco-ciliary function during pregnancy. These observations relate the clinical and therapeutic particularities of the management for severe epistaxis in women during the last trimester of pregnancy. The woman's hormonal system is unique in its kind due to cyclic changes during pregnancy, the menstrual cycle and menopause. Our clinical observations confirm the effects of these metabolic, endocrinological and physiological alterations related to pregnancy. In a tropical environment with the inadequacy of ENT specialists, base medical personnel is often confronted with delicate clinical situations in the evolution of ENT diseases. Management for epistaxis during pregnancy is special because of its context, well evident diagnosis requires vital gestures as evidenced by our observations. The ear, nose and throat specialist must necessarily be well warned of its physiological changes during pregnancy to better understand the clinical evolution of certain common throat diseases as epistaxis. Epistaxis during pregnancy is a subject that remains topical in the field of care, it is promoted directly or indirectly by hormonal changes. Multidisciplinary management in coordination must be done in a timely manner because the risks are not negligible for the health of the mother and the child.</p>

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