Tuberculosis (TB) isa major global public healthconcern. The extrapulmonary manifestations ofTB can bemisleading and challenging todiagnose.Thoracic cold abscessis a rare and unusualentity of TB.Itrepresents 1-5% of musculoskeletal localisations of TB and constitutes a differentialdiagnosiswithpyogenicabscess, slow-growingpathogens or walltumours. In endemic areas, anypainless progressive abscessshouldsuggest a tuberculosis infection. Despite the clear diagnostic contribution of molecularbiologywith the Xpert MTB/Rif, a positive culture on a sample of fluid or tissue remains the gold standard. The management of tuberculousthoracicabscessiscontroversial and the combination of standard chemotherapy and surgeryseems to be the mostappropriate. Hereinwe report a case of a cold thoracicabscess in a 35-year-old man with no previoushistory.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare form of non-Langerhansian histiocytosis classified by WHO since 2016 as a group L hematological neoplasia. Its pathophysiology is very complex and its multi-systemic character explains the plurality of clinical-radiological presentations. Bone involvement is almost constant while associated lung involvement is found in 50% of cases with non-specific clinical signs such as dyspnea and cough. Imaging provides an undeniable diagnostic contribution but confirmation of ECD is based on histopathology with immunohistochemical study. The search for the BRAF mutation by molecular biology has innovated the therapeutic management.The aim of our report is to relate a rare case of Erdheim-Chester disease in a 40-year-old man with an atypical pulmonary pseudotumor presentation without bone involvement and the diagnosis difficulty faced. Reporting of this type of aggressive disease should have an impact on early diagnosis and better prognosis.

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS) is a rare entitycharacterised by an enlargedtrachea and main bronchi.Despite the century-long delaybetween the first description in 1932, itisstillunder-diagnosedwithonly 300 cases reported in the literature. Histologicallyitischaracterised by an atrophy of the smooth muscle and elastic fibres of the tracheobronchialtreeresulting in impairedmucociliary clearance. The respiratorysymptoms of MKS are non-specific and appear as a recurrentrespiratory infection. Chest CT remains the gold standard for diagnosistreatmentis non-specific and based on the control of associatedrespiratorydiseases, physiotherapy and sometimessurgery. We report here the case of a 61-year-old man with a history of chronicbronchitis and recurrentpneumonitiswhowasadmitted for acute dyspnea and in whom the diagnosis of MKSwasretained. A betterknowledge of the pathologywillallow an earlydiagnosis and prevention of complications. This case illustrates the latediagnosis and management.

Primary ciliary dyskinesias (PCD) are rare genetic diseases with autosomal recessive transmission, affecting nearly 1/15000 births, due to a structural/functional defect of cilia. Kartagener syndrome (KS) represents 50% of PCDs and is characterised by the triad of bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis and situs inversus. It is manifested by clinical signs of upper and lower respiratory infections or infertility. Situs inversus is often discovered incidentally. The diagnosis is confirmed by specialized centers and is based on analysis of ciliary ultrastructure by electron microscopy or ciliary beats by light microscopy/high speed video microscopy , measurement of nasal nitric oxide flow and genetic tests. Treatment is supportive and in line with recommendations for the management of cystic fibrosis or idiopathic adult bronchiectasies. It includes respiratory physiotherapy, antibiotic medication to treat infections, vaccinations and local treatment of the otorhinolaryngeal tract if necessary. We present here the case of a 23-year-old woman with a history of recurrent respiratory infections since her early age, who consulted for cough, chronic bronchorrhea and dyspnea. The evolution to respiratory failure is slowed by the early diagnosis and management of exacerbations.