Collaborative governance is an increasingly popular form of governance. In theory, collaborative governance processes should be inclusive and value the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, including nonprofit organizations. In practice, this may not be the case. Recent work on representation in collaborative governance has found asymmetry in the way actor groups are descriptively and substantively represented in the collaborative governance process. We extend this line of work by employing network methods to create a diagnostic tool to identify which individual actors are substantively represented in collaborative governance processes over time. This tool is designed to systematically evaluate whether individual actors are under or overrepresented in collaborative governance. It provides a starting point for groups to discuss whether they are functionally inclusive and to understand whether non-inclusion is random or systematic. We apply the tool to collaborative governance in a regional food system and find variance in substantive representation by actor, indicating the collaborative governance process diverges from its inclusive design in practice. In particular, nonprofit organizations who are formally part of the collaborative governance process are not substantively represented in formal meetings to the same degree as city and county agencies.

As emergencies continue to impact communities in the United States on an unprecedented scale, it is imperative for communities to look for effective ways to keep people safe and reduce future impacts. Public alert and warning systems are an effective means of accomplishing these goals. As such, researchers have studied public alert and warning systems extensively in the United States. Due to the plethora of studies on public alert and warning systems, a systematic and comprehensive synthesize is needed to understand what has been studied and their major findings and identify practical lessons that can be used to further improve public alert and warning systems. Hence, the goal of this study is to answer the following two questions: (1) What are the major findings from public alert and warning system research? (2) What policy and practical lessons can be gleaned from public alert and warning system research to improve public alert and warning system research and practice? We answer these questions by conducting a systematic and comprehensive review of the public alert and warning system literature, starting with a keyword search. The search produced 1,737 studies, and we applied six criteria (e.g., the study has to be a peer-reviewed article, dissertation, or conference paper), which narrowed the number of studies to 100. After analyzing the 100 studies, the results reveal 12 emergent themes regarding the major findings from public alert and warning system research. The results also reveal eight emergent themes related to the policy and practical lessons. We then offer recommended topics for future research as well as outline some policy and practical recommendations. We conclude by summarizing the findings and discussing the limitations of the study.

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Sex trafficking is one type of human trafficking, which involves scenarios where individuals are not paid and are forced to engage in forced sex, forced prostitution, and sexual slavery. Online advertising is increasingly used by traffickers as an anonymous and efficient method to exploit victims. Large sporting events have been linked to increases in sex trafficking, although there is limited empirical evidence to support this claim. The goal of this study is to answer the following question: What is the relationship between Super Bowls and potential online sex trafficking? Using time series Poisson analysis of secondary data on online sexual service advertisements in Florida during the 2020 and 2021 Super Bowls, which took place in Miami and Tampa, Florida, respectively, the result indicates an increase in online advertisements that exhibit indicators of sex trafficking during the two Super Bowls. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for federal, state, and local law enforcement for improving sex trafficking responses during large sporting events and outlines a future research agenda on the relationship between large sporting events and sex trafficking.

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