BackgroundTo assess the maternal characteristics and nutritional status according to body mass index (BMI) at 6–14 weeks of gestation and to examine the relationship between maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal birth weight.MethodsThe investigation was conducted from April 2011 to June 2012 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 498 primigravida pregnant women participated in the study; women with known diabetes or previous gestational diabetes (GDM) were excluded. Maternal demographic details, pregnancy history and anthropometric measurements were obtained from the mother at the recruitment (6–14 weeks), 2nd visit between 24 and 28 week of gestation and 3rd visit at delivery. Cord venous blood samples of newborns (n = 138) were collected immediately after delivery for blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, leptin and micronutrients including serum folate, ferritin, homocysteine, vitamin D, and vitamin B12.ResultsThe prevalence at 6–14 weeks of pregnancy of anemia (Hb, < 11 g/dl), vitamin D deficiency (< 30 nmol/l), vitamin B12 deficiency (< 200 pg/ml), high homocysteine level (> 15 μmol/l), folate deficiency (< 3 ng/ml) and iron deficiency (ferritin < 13 ng/ml) were 19.5, 46.4, 15.1, 1.2, 0.4, and 12.7% respectively. GDM was found in 18.4% women. The prevalence of GDM was higher in overweight women (28.1%) than underweight (16.7%) and normal weight women (16.0%: p <  0.05). The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery were 11.6 and 5.8% respectively and was not related to maternal BMI at 6–14 weeks of pregnancy. Maternal height was positively (p = 0.02), and homocysteine was negatively associated with neonatal birth weight (p = 0.02). In addition, the newborn’s cord serum folate was positively (p = 0.03) and cord triglyceride was negatively (p = 0.03) associated with neonatal birth weight.ConclusionMultiple maternal micronutrient deficiencies were present in early pregnancy. Maternal BMI in early pregnancy was not related to preterm deliveries or LBW. LBW was associated with lower folate, elevated cord triglyceride concentrations of the neonates and mother’s height and increase in maternal homocysteine levels. The data has important implications for pregnancy care in Bangladesh and other similar communities.

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among nurses and para-health professionals (PHPs) working at primary healthcare centres in Bangladesh. In addition to this, we also investigated the association of these risk factors with the categories of health professions.DesignCross-sectional study and the sampling technique was a census.SettingThe study site was a medical university of Bangladesh where the study population was recruited by NCD Control Programme of Directorate General of Health Services to participate in a 3-day training session from November 2017 to May 2018.ParticipantsA total of 1942 government-employed senior staff nurses (SSNs) and PHPs working at Upazila Health Complexes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe data were collected using a modified STEPwise approach to NCD risk factors surveillance questionnaire of the World Health Organisation (V.3.2). The prevalence of NCD risk factors was presented descriptively and the χ² test was used to determine the association between NCD risk factors distribution and categories of health professions.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 37.6 years (SD 9.5) and most of them (87.6%) had a diploma in their respective fields. Physical inactivity (86.9%), inadequate fruits and/vegetable intake (56.3%) and added salt intake (35.6%) were the most prevalent behavioural risk factors. The prevalence of central obesity, overweight, raised blood glucose and raised BP were 83.5%, 42.6%, 19.2% and 12.8% respectively. Overall, the NCD risk factors prevalence was higher among PHPs compared with SSNs. A highly significant association (p<0.001) was found between risk factors and the categories of health professions for tobacco use, alcohol intake, added salt intake and physical inactivity.ConclusionHigh NCD risk factors prevalence and its significant association with SSNs and PHPs demand an appropriate risk-reduction strategy to minimise the possibility of chronic illness among them.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi, attitude, anxiety, dan self efficacy terhadap prestasi atlet tenis lapangan dan menganalisis perbedaan hubungan antara atlet tenis lapangan pada level junior dan senior. Metode penelitian untuk mengungkapkan masalah tersebuat yaitu melalui metode penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif komparatif korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet tenis lapangan tingkat Daerah maupun Nasional di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 133 terdiri dari 42 petenis laki-laki junior dan 21 petenis perempuan junior, 44 petenis laki-laki senior, dan 26 petenis perempuan senior. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik insidental sampling yang dilakukan dengan cara insidental atau kebetulan saja tidak menggunakan perencanaan tertentu. Penelitian dilakukan pada minggu kedua bulan Februari sampai minggu keempat bulan Juni. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Hasil analisis data dari 133 orang petenis baik junior maupun senior menunjukkan bahwa baik motivasi, self efficacy, attitude, maupun kecemasan tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan prestasi. RELATIONSHIP MOTIVATION, ATTITUDE, ANXIETY AND EFFICIENCY OF SELF TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF TENNIS FIELD JUNIOR AND SENIOR LEVELS AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of motivation, attitude, anxiety, and self-efficacy on the achievements of field tennis athletes and analyze the differences in the relationship between field tennis athletes at the junior and senior levels. The research method to express the problem is through descriptive research method with a comparative descriptive research design. The population in this study are regional and national level tennis athletes in Indonesia. The research sample consisted of 133 consisting of 42 junior male tennis players and 21 junior female tennis players, 44 senior male tennis players, and 26 senior female tennis players. The sampling technique used in this study is incidental sampling technique which is done by incidental or coincidental by not using a particular plan. The study was conducted in the second week of February through the fourth week of June. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. The results of data analysis of 133 tennis players, both junior and senior, indicate that neither motivation, self efficacy, attitude, or anxiety do not have a significant relationship with achievement.

Perubahan fungsi kardiovaskuler akibat latihan olahraga secara teratur akanmempengaruhi nilai Tekanan Darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipengaruh latihan olahraga tenis secara terprogram selama 12 minggu terhadap tekanandarah dan daya tahan kardio respirasi pada atlet pelatda sleman cabang olahraga tenislapangan.Rancangan penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental dengan one group pretestposttest design. Sampel penelitian adalah atlet pelatda sleman cabang tenis lapanganberjumlah 10 orang, yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kelompok perlakuanmenerima latihan tenis terprogram, yaitu latihan 3 kali seminggu selama 120 menitsetiap latihan. Sphygmomanometer digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan darah padapembuluh arteri perifer.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Ada peningkatan daya tahan kardiorespirasiyang signifikan (p<0,05) pada atlet yang mengikuti latihan tenis secara teratur selama12 minggu. (2) Ada penurunan tekanan darah yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada atlet yangmengikuti latihan tenis secara teratur selama 12 minggu. Kata Kunci : tekanan darah, latihan olahraga teratur

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