Citizen satisfaction is a critical and decisive factor for persistent use of e-Government services as it can substantially impact on failure or success of e-Government projects. Main hurdle for e-government planners and practitioners in Pakistan is to find out the key determinants of e-satisfaction of their citizens. This article actually tries to identify the major factors that drive Pakistani citizen's e-Satisfaction while using Punjab Province Portal (http://www.punjab.gov.pk/) in Pakistan. After extensive relevant literature review we formulated 7 hypotheses and distinguished 7 different determinants namely trust, accessibility, awareness of e-services, quality of e-services, computer anxiety, customer expectations and security/privacy. A sample of survey data from 200 employees in 8 universities in different cities of Punjab Province of Pakistan was gathered to perform data analysis. Several key outcomes based on multiple linear regression and factor analysis were exhibited. These final results would help to understand the degree of satisfaction of Pakistani citizens. E-governmental policy-makers and practitioners both would be benefitted by this analysis and results of these determinants of e-satisfaction. Some recommendations and implications of our findings were also addressed at the end.

Universities in the modern world are expected to seek and cultivate new knowledge, provide the right kind of leadership and strive to promote equality and social justice. The quality of education is an important factor considered for attracting and retaining students as it is a substantial investment made by their parents. Hence, delivering quality service has become an important goal for most higher education institutions (HEIs) and for distinguishing the institutions among other competitors. The general objective of the study is to investigate the satisfaction level of students enrolled in undergraduate and/or graduate programs from different universities in Pakistan and understand: the level of service quality with respect to administrative services, core educational quality, support facilities, physical environmental quality and transformative quality, and overall level of students' satisfaction all university services. A cross-sectional study design was conducted on students of the university's selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected from 500 questionnaires and analyzed through SPSS. By using multiple linear regression analysis, it revealed which factor was playing how much role in the prediction of students' satisfaction. It was also found that apart from administrative quality of the university all of abovementioned services contributed significantly towards satisfaction level of university students. As student's satisfaction has been positively associated with their performance in university as well as later in their workplaces, it would appear to be detrimental that this aspect of university student's dependence on the service quality provided by higher education institutions should be ignored. It eventually affects the productivity of the workforce of a society and eventually economy of a nation.

By implementing a prolonged social cognitive theory (SCT) this article investigates factors including outcome expectation, affect, anxiety, self-efficacy, social influence, trust, facilitating conditions, e-satisfaction, information quality and e-service quality impacting citizen’s intention to adopt a mobile based e-government system called mobile Land Record Information Systems (mLRMIS) with respect to Pakistan. The prolonged social cognitive theory (SCT) was actually affirmed by analyzing gathered data periodically accumulated over time from 10 different cities in Pakistan. Verifiable results of the proposed model represented mutual significance of relationships of 12 hypothesized relations between 10 different types of constructs. Only a few studies have previously used SCT model to investigate the adoption of an e-government system globally while in case of Pakistan it is the first ever study using SCT model to figure out the adoption of an e-government system. Outcome significance and digital policy substance exhibited in this article can assist e-government planners and practitioners to reform up quality and effectivity of mLRMIS system. This research also contributes to elevate relevant awareness and utilization of mLRMIS system.

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Some of the most important medicinal plants with hypoglycemic properties according to reliable clinical and laboratory evidence, and also touched on the medicinal plants that are prescribed in Pakistani traditional medicine, for the treatment of diabetes. The information in this article was obtained from the eligible articles retrieved using the search terms diabetes mellitus, medicinal plants, type 1 diabetes and medicinal plants, type 2 diabetes and medicinal plants, and the effect of extract and essential oil of medicinal plants affecting diabetized tissues in the human body. Regarding type-II Diabetes mellitus at least initially, and often throughout their lifetime, these patients do not need insulin treatment to survive. Metformin is oral antidiabetic drug having lesser morbid effects as compared to other oral antidiabetic agents. We have compared hypoglycemic potential of herbal hypoglycemic agent Figs or INJEER with Metformin. It was single blind correlational research conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from April to October 2018. Fifty diabetic type-II patients of were selected for research. Approved and explained consent was taken by all patients. They were divided in two groups, 25 patients in each group. Group-I patients were advised to take 250 mg Metformin thrice daily for two months. Group-II patients were advised to take 10 grams of Injeer (Figs) in three divided doses for two months. Their base line fasting blood glucose level was taken and kept in record. They were advised to visit the OPD of the hospital fortnightly. They were also advised to check their fasting plasma glucose level daily at the morning by using Glucometer (provided by Acon Pharmaceutics Ltd). After two months when results were compiled and statistically analyzed, it was observed that Metformin decreased blood sugar level 27.6 % and Figs decreased 13.5 %. It was concluded from the study that Figs can decrease blood glucose level significantly, but when compared to Metformin, this change is about half fraction of the Metformin.