Objectives: To determine the various patterns of headache presenting to Neurology OPD Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Neurology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS). Period: July to December 2016. Methods: Data was collected on developed profoma, the same was analyzed on SPSS 22nd version. Results: Out of 238 patients, 61 (25.6%) were male 177 (74.4%) were female patients. Age group distribution of study population ranged from 04 - 65 years with mean age was 31.66 with standard deviation of12.72. Out of 238 patients 170 (71.4%) were diagnosed as primary headache disorders, 56 (17%) were secondary headache while 12 (%) were labeled as cranial neuropathies and facial pains. Migraine without aura 113(65.3%) followed by tension type headache 35(20.2%) were most common primary headache disorder. Among secondary headaches Cervicogenic headache 16(30.2%) was most common cause followed by headache secondary to sinusitis, hypertension and trauma 8(15.1%), 7 (13.2%) and 6(11.3%) respectively. Trigeminal Neuralgia 9 (75.0%) was most common painful cranial neuropathies. Conclusion: Primary as well as secondary headache disorders are most prevalent in female at an age range of 21-40 years with majority of them suffering from migraine followed by tension and Cervical origin respectively.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of atypical antipsychotics on serum glucose levels and HbA1C in patients of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Department of Neurology and Sir C. J Institute of Psychiatry LUMHS Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Period: Dec 2018-Dec 2019. Material & Methods: Total 360 participants of age more than 15 years of either gender presenting with psychiatric illness i.e. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and prescribed same brand of antipsychotic drugs were included in the study. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), random blood glucose (RBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured at baseline and 6th months after treatment with atypical antipsychotic agents. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Results: A total of 360 patients were enrolled in the study duration, among them 338 patients were followed up till 6 months, while 22 patients were lost to follow up. The mean age of the study sample was reported as 39.33±8.83 years. At baseline mean FBS, RBS and HbA1c were reported as 92.52±9 mg/dl, 143.21±14.91, 5.83±0.37 which significantly increase after treatment with antipsychotics at 6 months (p<0.05). About 23.6% developed diabetes mellitus and 21.3% developed hyperglycemia at the end of 6 months. Conclusion: Non-diabetic treatment naïve schizophrenia and bipolar disorders patients have higher chances developing side-effects on the glucose regulations after initiation of antipsychotic therapy. Overall, the early identification and diagnosis of antipsychotic-induced diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia requires proper evaluation, reporting, and physician and patient awareness.

Objectives: This study was carried out to see the commonest presenting symptoms of conversion disorder attending Neurology Department Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Neurology Outpatient at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Period: September 2017 to August 2019. Material & Methods: Sample size of 111 was estimated using Open epi online sample size calculator by taking statistics of conversion disorder as 63%, margin of error as 9% and 95% confidence level. All patients of age more than 9 years of either gender diagnosed as conversion disorder were included in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Results: A total of 111 patients were registered. 33 (29.7%) were male and 78 (70.3%) were females with male to female ratio of 0.4. The age ranged from 10 years to 30 years and the mean age was 23.30 ± 9.94. Out of 111 patients 47 (42.3%) were married and 64 (57.7%) were unmarried. On the other hand majority of patients having conversion disorders 51 (45.9%) had no formal education or educated up to primary 28 (25.2%). Most common symptom was episodic loss of consciousness 24 (21.6%) followed by seizure like activity 23 (20.7%), aphonia 9 (8.1%) & headache 7 (6.3%). Conclusion: The results from our study showed conversion disorders with unexplained symptoms are relatively common in outpatient neurology clinics.

Introduction: Epilepsy is among most frequent disorders visiting for neurology consultations while depression is documented as comorbidity with epilepsy that further disturbs the social life of such patients. Objectives: To find out the frequency of depression and difference in severity, age and gender among known epileptic patients visiting for neurology consultations at tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in neurology outpatient clinic and neurology ward LUMHS from August 2017 to January 2018. Epileptic patients (129) fitting into the inclusion criteria were selected for study under informed consent on proforma using SSDS (Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale). Results: Mean age of study population was 26.2 ±11.1 (range15 to 60) years and Male, Female ratio was 1.6: 1. Depression was found in 77 (59.7%) patients with 34 (44.1%) mild21 (27.3%) moderate and 22 (28.6%) had severe depression. Conclusion: High prevalence of depression is seen in epileptic patients. There was male preponderance distribution in the study. There is no significant difference among the genders and age groups regarding severity depression.