Intelligent tires can be used in autonomous vehicles to insure the vehicle safety by monitoring the tire and tire-road conditions using sensors embedded on the tire. These sensors and their wireless communication systems need to be powered by energy sources such as batteries or energy harvesters. The deflection of tires during rotation is an available and reliable source of energy for electric power generation using piezoelectric energy harvesters to feed tire self-powered sensors and their wireless communication systems. The aim of this study is to design, analyze, and optimize a rainbow-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester mounted on the inner layer of a pneumatic tire for providing enough power for microelectronics devices required for monitoring intelligent tires. It is shown that the designed piezoelectric energy harvester can generate sufficient voltage, power, and energy required for a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) with high data transmission speed or three TPMSs with average data transmission speed. The effect of the vehicle speed on the voltage and electric energy generated by the designed piezoelectric is also studied. The geometry and the circuit load resistance of the piezoelectric energy harvester are optimized in order to increase the energy harvesting efficiency. It is shown that the optimized rainbow piezoelectric energy harvester can reach the highest power generation among all the strain-based energy harvesters that partially cover the inner layer of the tire.

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Ambient energy harvesting using piezoelectric transducers is becoming popular to provide power for small microelectronics devices. The deflection of tires during rotation is an example of the source of energy for electric power generation. This generated power can be used to feed tire self-powering sensors for bicycles, cars, trucks, and airplanes. The aim of this study is to optimize the energy efficiency of a rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer mounted on the inner layer of a pneumatic tire for providing enough power for microelectronics devices required to monitor tires. For this aim a rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer is adjusted with the tire dimensions and excited based on the car speed and strain. The geometry and load resistance effects of the piezoelectric transducer is optimized using Multiphysics modeling and finite element analysis.

A well-designed battery management system along with a set of voltage and current sensors is required to properly measure and control the battery cell operational variables for Hybrid Electric Aircrafts (HEAs). Some critical functions of the battery including State-Of-Charge (SOC) and State-Of-Health (SOH) estimations, over-current, and over-/under-voltage protections are mainly related to current and voltage sensor measurements. Therefore, in case of battery faults occur in HEA, designing a reliable and robust diagnostic procedure is essential. In this study, for Li-ion batteries, a new and fast fault diagnosis technique via collecting data is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic method is validated, and the results show how overcharge, over-discharge and sensor faults can be accurately detected.