Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of risk factors of cerebral palsy in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 at the Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Mansehra, Pakistan, and comprised mothers of cerebral palsy children aged 1-18 years from the Hazara Division. Data was collected using a modified form of Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe questionnaire regarding prenatal, natal and postal natal risk factors. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results:  Of the 300 children, 190(63.3%) were males and 110(36.7%) were females. The mean (±SD) age of the children was 5.43±3.63 years and that of their mothers at the time of delivery was 26.16±5.11 years. Among the prenatal risk factors, anaemia was the leading factor 179(59.6%), while delayed crying 187(63.3%) was the major postnatal factor. Consanguinity was reported by 200(66.7%) mothers. Majority of the deliveries 201(67%) had taken place at hospitals. Conclusion: Anaemia and delayed crying were the major risk factors identified in mothers and children, respectively, in the study sample. Key Words: Cerebral Palsy, Anti-natal risk factors, Postnatal risk factors, SCPE.

Background: Understanding students' perception of the educational environment and their cognitive load in this context is crucial for optimizing the effectiveness of e-learning platforms. Objective: To compare educational environment perception and cognitive load in under-graduates Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) and post-graduate Master in Science of Physical Therapy (MSPT) students having online learning experiences. Methodology: In this comparative cross-sectional study, data was collected through non-probability convenient sampling from n=274 under-graduates DPT (n=225) and post-graduates MSPT(n=49) students of either gender having one-semester experience of online learning, Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) for measuring educational environmental perception and Rating Scale of Mental Effort (RSME) for measurement of cognitive load. Online self-structured was developed questionnaire and shared through communication media platform and data analysis was made through SPSS version 28. Results: There were n=225 under-graduates (DPT) and n=49 post-graduates (MSPT) students in which, there were n=208 females and n=66 males. The overall DREEM score showed that MSPT students are more significantly positive (p<0.001, Cohen’s d=1.01) than DPT students regarding the perception of the educational environment with a large effect size. While there was no significant difference (p=0.114) between MSP and DPT students regarding cognitive load. Conclusion: Post-graduates (MSPT) students have better educational environmental perception than undergraduate (DPT) students but there was no significant difference in cognitive load in undergraduate (DPT) and post-graduates (MSPT) students. Keywords: cognition; cognitive load; mental effort; e-learning; physiotherapist.

Conception and design, Collection and assembly of data, [2][3] Analysis and interpretation of the data, 1-2 Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content, Statistical expertise 1 Final approval and guarantor of the article. A r t i c l e I n f o .

Objectives: Purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of mobilization (compression and decompression with glide) in patients with STAGE 3 osteoarthritis at knee joint.Methodology: A total of 30 patients visiting the physical therapy department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan were enrolled in this study. The study design was Randomized controlled trail, patients were randomly assigned into two groups by using lottery method, Non probability convenience sampling technique was used in this study. All the patients were satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A was experimental group in which Intermittent compression and decompression with glide was given along with conventional Physical therapy intervention while in Group B only conventional physiotherapy interventions were given in the study to check the effectiveness of intermittent compression and decompression with glide in stage 3 of osteoarthritis at knee joint. Duration of the study was approximately 6 months. The data was collected through the following questionnaire/forms. Self-structured General demographic questionnaire and KOOS (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score) were used.Results: Statically analysis of the data stated that in this study 27% were males and 73 % females were included in this study. The mean age of patients were 51.40 ± 5.9 years. Average mean of height of patients was 160.1 ± 9.5 cm, average mean weight was 75 ± 9.1 kg. The result of BMI shows that 37 % were normal weighted while 63 % were over weighted. Further investigation suggested that the total pain score at baseline of experimental group was 15.86 ± 10.68 and in the end of sessions score was enhanced to 89.0 with P-value 0.0001. Total symptom score of experimental group was 45± 12.4 and after end session the score was 85 ± 8.3 P-value 0.001 ADL score at baseline was 13.00 which enhance to 85 after 4 week of sessions with p value of 0.001. the mean score of QOL was 7.6 ± 7.3 enhanced to 93.5 ± with p-value 0.001 which shows that this way of treatment have very significant role in regeneration of cartilage of knee joint which was degeneratively changed during the process of osteoarthritis which was elaborated by reduction of pain with increased Range of motion and improved quality of life. Conclusion:Intermittent compression and decompression with glide has significant improvement in associated symptoms of osteoarthritis along with the advancement and improvement of quality of life. This technique can delay or prevent surgical intervention. This is a cost effective way of treatment of knee osteoarthritis and have better results then other treatments available.

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