The current study highlights the natural history of antenatally detected hydronephrosis. Mild fetal hydronephrosis appears to be associated with an excellent prognosis and probably represents the group with physiological renal pelvic dilatation. Moderate/severe fetal hydronephrosis is associated with poorer outcome and is perhaps the group that will need more intense follow up both antenatally and postnatally.

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All procedures have inherent risk. Our patient endured a sequence of rare life-threatening complications from commonly preformed procedures. The sequence of these complications was; large pericardial effusion post implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation with echocardiographic signs of tamponade, left main narrowing post radiofrequency ablation, and late stent thrombosis post coronary intervention with a bare metal stent. All these occurred to one unfortunate young man. Furthermore, our patient demonstrated an unintended benefit of ICD which saved his life.