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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the few respiratory diseases which is associated with a number of comorbidities. Psychiatric disease like depression is a very important comorbidity of COPD because it decreases the feeling of wellbeing in the patient and also interferes with the compliance with medication thereby increasing the risk of hospitalization in the COPD patient. A cross-sectional study was done for two years in the department of pulmonary medicine at Era's Lucknow medical college and hospital, Lucknow. A total of 150 patients were enrolled for the study after a clinico-radiological screening for the diagnosis confirmed on spirometry. After the confirmation of the diagnosis of COPD in these patients, they were screened for depression using the PHQ-9 scale in our department of pulmonary medicine. The confirmation of the diagnosis of depression was done according to the ICD-10 guidelines for depression and the severity of depression was graded using HAM-D scale in the department of psychiatry at our institute. The most common age group enrolled in the study was 51-60 years of age (40.67%). One hundred and fifteen patients (76.7%) of the enrolled patients were smokers while the remaining 35 patients (23.3%) were non-smokers. Depression was found to be present in 46 out of the total 150 patients in the study. Thus, the prevalence of depression in our study was 30.67%. Depression was seen in COPD groups B,C and D. Out of the 46 patients of COPD with depression,18 had mild depression (39.13%), 26 had moderate depression (56.52%) and 2 had severe depression (4.35%). Hence, depression of all grades (i.e., mild, moderate and severe depression) is seen in COPD groups B, C and D.

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This case report describes a lady who developed sudden onset of speech disturbances mimicking thought disorders of primary psychotic disorder after 9 month of apparently improved right sided hemiplegia following an event of cerebro-vascular accident about one year back with no particular cause evident on routine investigations. A 63-year-old woman presented with chief complaints of irrelevant answers, at times incomprehensible speech and talking nonsense. Presently problems created the diagnostic dilemma between primary psychotic disorder predominantly with formal thought disorder and Wernicke's aphasia, in the absence of any apparent underlying neurological causes. The authors discuss the differentiating features for making correct diagnosis in accord with the ICD-10, Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines, World Health Organization (ICD-I0) criteria, and a behavioral technique as the possible treatment option with beneficial outcome for Wernicke's aphasia, which comprised of audiovisual stimulus and reviewed the importance of considering this diagnosis in the setting of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly and reported on a 63-year-old female with Wernicke aphasia mimicking formal thought disorder of psychosis.

Background: Literature has substantially advanced our understanding of the action of vitamin D in depression, much is still unknown concerning how vitamin D relates to dimensions of depression. Hence, authors aimed to examine the relationship of vitamin D in patients of depression, its correlation with the severity of depression and different symptom domains of depression.Methods: This Hospital based case control study included 75 patients with depression and 50 controls who were age and gender matched. Beck’s Depression Inventory II was used to assess the severity and symptom domains of depression. Vitamin D levels was assessed using Enhanced Chemiluminescence Technique.Results: Vitamin D deficiency was found significantly (<0.001*) among cases than controls. Significant (0.003*) inverse correlation was observed between severity of depression and vitamin D level.In cognitive symptoms, pessimism, punishment feeling, self-criticism, suicidal thoughts and worthlessness were found significantly higher among vitamin D deficient patients. However, in somatic-affective symptoms, crying, indecisiveness, loss of energy, irritability, concentration difficulty and being tired were the significant by prominent symptoms in vitamin D deficient patients.Conclusions: Vitamin D (<50 nmol/L) was found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms with cognitive and somatic-affective symptoms being affected by vitamin D deficiency.