Violence and conflicts occur constantly in communities and universities. We have also witnessed the war that has been raging in Afghanistan for 40 years now, which has severely affected the entire society, particularly women. This library research explores how women/girls can foster a culture of peace in the universities and community and reduce violence against people, particularly women. Existing scholarship and research findings in this area have indicated that conducting peace-related training programs for women in universities and involving women in policymaking, planning, politics, and leadership can be effective in promoting the culture of peace. Since woman is a mother, she can lay the foundation for the culture of peace by educating a peaceful child. A woman is a sister, daughter, and wife and most Afghans honor women; therefore, she can promote the culture of peace in the family and community. If women/girls are given a role in leadership and politics, they can promote the culture of peace effectively because they are more compassionate and merciful than men. For women to play a positive role in promoting the culture of peace in universities and community-based on previous research findings and recommendations, I suggest conducting training programs on peace and conflict recognition and conflict resolution skills in Afghan universities as well as involving women/girls in policymaking, planning, politics, and leadership to create the culture of peace.

Since governments around the globe are established to facilitate and provide a comfortable living standards to its citizens, they are working in various fields and their responsibilities are increasing day by day. In some areas, the governments cannot provide proper services to their citizens/people due to the lack of skills and sufficient budget. For this reason, it shares some of its activities with the private sector for a long period. This action is called Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). This structure was first introduced to Afghanistan with the help of Dr. Ashraf Ghani in 2016 by announcing the PPPs Policy. Currently, in Afghanistan, there is very little or even no information available about the Effectiveness of the PPPs Project and programs. Hence, this research was conducted in order to explore the topic and investigate the critical success factors of PPPs Projects that were implemented in Afghanistan. The study is analytical and data are collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS and statistical tools. the sample size was determined by using Krejci and Morgan's (1970) table. The findings of this research show that (6) success factors (Political support, Appropriate risk allocation, Good Governance, Availability of Financial Market and Transparency in the procurement process) out of (16) have a significant impact on PPPs project Implementation in Afghanistan.