Kertas ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan secara sepintas lalu tentang kewujudan dan perlaksanaan perundangan Islam sepanjang tempoh pemerintahan Brooke di Sarawak. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan historiografi iaitu penulisan sejarah, prinsip atau kaedah penulisan sejarah dan karya atau hasil penulisan yang berkaitan dengan perundangan Islam Sarawak sepanjang tempoh pemerintahan Brooke. Pendekatan kajian historiografi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini melalui empat langkah, iaitu; heuristik; kritikan sumber; interpretasi; dan historiografi. Masalah yang dijawab dalam kertas ini adalah berkaitan dengan kewujudan perundangan Islam sepanjang tempoh pemerintahan Brooke. Manuskrip, catatan Brooke dan catatan pegawai British dari Barat berkaitan dengan perundangan Islam di Sarawak sepanjang pemerintahan Brooke dikumpul, dikritik dan diinterpretasikan bagi menghasilkan pensejarahan baru tentang perkembangan perundangan Islam di negeri Sarawak. Kesemua maklumat yang diperolehi daripada bahan-bahan sejarah dilakukan semak silang (cross check) atau jejak audit (audit trail) bagi menguji kesahan maklumat tersebut. Pendekatan analisis induktif dan deduktif digunakan dalam analisis kandungan bahan-bahan sejarah bagi memberi makna kepada fakta-fakta sejarah yang dijumpai. Kajian ini berjaya menjelaskan tentang kewujudan dan perlaksanaan perundangan Islam dari mula era pemerintahan James Brooke sehingga Rajah Brooke terakhir di Sarawak. Bahan-bahan sejarah tersebut juga berjaya membuktikan bahawa kewujudan dan perlaksanaan perundangan Islam tersebut adalah hasil daripada warisan kerajaan-kerajaan yang terdapat di Sarawak sebelum perlantikan James Brooke sebagai Gabenor Sarawak pada tahun 1841.

From the rule of the Sultanate of Brunei to the colonialism of James Brooke in Sarawak shown the political and geographical landscape completely change. Historically James Brooke starts to intervene in Sarawak affairs. He starts conquered from Tanjung Datu to Batang Samarahan turned into a huge territory due to the requisition of James Brooke to hand over some areas under Brunei from Simanggang to the border region of Brunei. Brooke’s positioning until the Second World War caused the entire administration invaded by western colonialism in Sarawak. Based on original agreement between Brunei and Brooke Families, the later was to control the administration and economic development and must not interfere with the customs of the Malays and Islam, but in the end, colonialism is almost absolute. This includes Islamic law in the era of James Brooke which introduced Native Mohammedan Probate and Divorce Court. Thus, this article objectives to describe the development from the aspect of Islamic institutions and the sociology of the Islamic community in Sarawak. This article applies the historical method of Kuntowijoyo namely heuristics (collection of historical material), internal and external criticism, historical interpretation, and historiography. This article shows that the pressure of the British government after Sarawak was handed over by Vyner Brooke to the British did not tarnish the Islamic institutions that were established in Brooke’s time and after. However, the socio-Islamic society is influenced by western culture.

Brunei's rule is indeed known as a great power after Majapahit gave sovereignty to Brunei to control the territory of the Brunei Islands and its surroundings including the southern Philippines (Sulu) since the 16th century. However, European powers began to come to the archipelago with concrete reasons to control the trading area which is rich in raw materials. Not to be missed is the region of the Borneo archipelago, which is rich in raw materials such as gold, bird's nest, spices, bauxite, and others. Competition began to occur between great powers such as the British, Spain and the Netherlands. As such, the power of the Bruneian government has experienced ups and downs due to various factors such as internal problems of the Bruneian government, the threat of local power and the threat of pirates active in the Borneo archipelago. Brunei had to think of steps to find a way to find a proxy capable of helping it to defend its territorial sovereignty. The objective of this study is to first evaluate the factors that make the relationship between the two parties happen and the second is to evaluate the factors of the one-sided relationship between James Brooke and Brunei, and the impact of the injustice on Brunei. The methodology used in this study is to use a historical methodology that uses the Kuntowijoyo model, which is through 4 stages of process, namely heuristics, criticism, analysis, and historical writing. The findings of this study found that the factor in the relationship between James Brooke and Brunei was Brunei's desire to seek help from outside parties, unfulfilled responsibilities, the threat of the Brooke Family from other areas in Sarawak and taking advantage of Brunei's distress. The impact was the change of Ames Brooke's status as governor to the Rajah of Sarawak, the economy was managed by James Brooke, but his responsibilities were neglected, initially the status of a lease but changed to dominance and the last was that Brunei lost sovereignty over some of its territories.

Studies related to menstrual blood and istihadhah are the most difficult and often questioned debates by women. To date, many are confused in understanding it. Although this issue is often presented in various symposia, workshops and talks, there are still many Muslim women who do not understand the methods and ways to identify differences in terms of features, colors, time periods and various issues related to it. If this problem is not resolved then it leads to prolonged confusion. This study was conducted among Islamic Teachers (GI) in SK (A) Datuk Hj Abdul Kadir Hassan, Kuching Sarawak. Instructors were selected as respondents. The objective of the study is to i) identify in detail the level of knowledge in menstruation and istihadhah education according to Mazhab Syafie, ii) study the differences between menstruation and istihadhah through the nature, color and duration of menstruation, the period between two menstruations. And the sacred period. iii) identify confidence in the worship of Islamic teachers in schools. This study was conducted using a quantitative method design. The tool used to obtain the data was a questionnaire. For the data collection method, the authors used Turath books which are authoritative and reinforced with previous research journals and studies. For the purpose of data analysis, the authors used SPSS application. Has been outlined in the study. Summary of the study of the level of menstruation and istihadhah education according to Mazhab Syafie for Islamic teachers in schools to achieve an excellent level.They can recognize the difference between menstruation and istihadhah through nature, color. And the menstrual period, the period between two menstrual periods and the sacred time and the perception to the teacher of ‘aqidah ibadah is very high. Suggestions for improvement have been stated in this study to help Muslim Teachers improve their understanding in this topic. Studies show that menstrual education and istihadhah especially to Islamic education teachers of the course and Islamic teachers in general are very important because they are agents in providing understanding to students and society.