A study on standard water quality parameter requirements and management strategies suitable for fish farming is presented. The water quality criteria studied based on physical, chemical and biological properties of water include temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate-nitrogen, pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO) biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total hardness. Water samples from around Gurgaon Canal in NCR union territerian New Delhi capital of India, were analyzed based on the afore-mentioned criteria to assess its suitability as a source of water for fish farming. The results of the analysis compared with international standards and also Indian standards revealed that the river temperature of 30.7 0C fall within the acceptable range for fish farming. However, the pH of 7.1, total hardness of 470 mg/l, total dissolved solids of 13.60 mg/l and biochemical oxygen demand of 36 mg/l all differed slightly from the standard recommended values. This study will aid fish farmers on the necessary treatment needed to effectively use water from this source for fish farming.

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Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition and a major cause of gynecological surgery. The lifetime risk of having an operation for prolapse may be 11%. Uterine conserving surgeries using synthetic mesh, especially in younger age group can restore normal anatomy relieving their pelvic symptoms. To evaluate the safety, intra operative and postoperative complications and efficacy of the laparoscopic cervicopexy.Methods: This Prospective observational study was carried out on women aged below 45 years attending gynaecology outpatient department with uterine prolapse at MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna between January 1st and December 31st, 2015. 39 women underwent laparoscopic cervicopexy and follow up assessments was done among them at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Results: The mean operative time was 27.6 minutes and blood loss was 0.4 gm/dl. No intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred. Short duration of hospital stay with mean of 1.4 days. 7.7% patients and 5.5% had mersilene tape reaction at 3 months and 6 months. The POP Q score C was significantly away from hymen at 2 weeks,3 months and 6 months (+4.4 - -4.3). 7.7% and 2.6% had recurrence at 3 month and 6 months. 5.1% underwent vaginal hysterectomy to get relieved from symptom.Conclusion: Laparoscopic cervicopexy is an effective option for women with pelvic organ prolapse who desire uterine preservation.

Background & Objectives: Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its impact on pregnancy outcome has been a topic of discussion for long and there is no consensus regarding it among experts worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the current prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in normal pregnant women and study its impact on obstetric and neonatal outcome. Methods: 618 pregnant women less than 16 weeks of gestation enrolled for the study. Along with routine obstetrical investigations, TSH was done. Free T3 and Free T4 estimated for patients with abnormal TSH. Patients were evaluated at the time of pregnancy termination and obstetrical and perinatal outcomes noted.Results & Discussion: The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism and overt hyperthyroidism were 13.6%, 6% and 0.8% respectively. Maternal outcomes having significant association with overt hypothyroidism were preeclampsia (36.1% vs 11.7%), Oligohydramnios (19.4% vs 5.4%) and fetal distress in labor (19.4% vs 7.9%). Maternal outcomes having significant association with subclinical hypothyroidism were preeclampsia (26.3% vs 11.7%), placenta praevia (7.9%vs3%), dystocia (10.5%vs4.3%) and fetal distress in labour (15.8% vs 7.9%). Intra uterine growth restriction and Neonatal low birth weight also had significant association with hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism noted in 0.5% of the neonates. Conclusion:The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was high in our study with significant associated adverse outcomes. Hence, routine screening of thyroid dysfunction is recommended.