Dyslipidemia is classified as serum TC, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B (apoB), or lipoprotein (a) concentrations above the 90%, or HDL-cholesterol or apolipoprotein A-I concentrations below the 10% for the general population. CholesterolThat comes from animals (particularly egg yolks, meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products). The body needs this substance to build cell membranes, make certain hormones, and produce compounds that aid in fat digestion (Figure 1-3).Too much cholesterol, however, increases a person's risk of developing heart disease [1].

Background: Coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) represent the most technically challenging lesion subset that interventional cardiologists face. CTOs are identified in up to one third of patients referred for coronary angiography and remain seriously undertreated with percutaneous techniques. The complexity of these procedures and the suboptimal success rates over a long period of time, along with the perception that CTOs are lesions with limited scope for recanalization, account for the underutilization of CTO Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).

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Background: Coronary vessel dominance, defined by the coronary artery that supplies the posterior descending artery (PDA) and posterolateral branches, influences the relative contribution of the different coronary arteries to the total left ventricular blood flow. This work aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of coronary arterial dominance post primary PCI, during hospital stay and at 3-month follow-up, which include; cardiac mortality, heart failure, non-fatal myocardial infarction, re-vascularization, stroke/TIA and re-admission for ACS. Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 patients a with STEMI who underwent successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention with TIMI III flow and without procedural complications. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to coronary dominance: Right coronary dominant group (RCD), left coronary dominant group (LCD) and balanced coronary dominant group (BCD). All patients were subjected to transthoracic echocardiogram and coronary angiography and Primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Results: Ticagrelor and clopidogrel during hospital stay and on hospital discharge were significantly used more with RCA group than LCX group and LCX & RCA group (P=0.021, 0.012), (P=0.018, 0.014), respectively. GPIIB/IIIA was significantly more used during hospital stay with RCA group than LCX group and LCX & RCA group(P=0.014). Nitrates was significantly used more on hospital discharge with RCA group than LCX group and LCX & RCA group (P<0.001). Conclusions: Coronary arterial domi¬nance showed significant prognostic value in cases of myocardial Infarction after PCI, heart failure in LCX cases and in revascularization, heart failure, and stroke/TIA cases in RCA. Further, readmission for ACS was the most common outcome in all groups after 3-months follow-up.

Background: We studied the diagnostic accuracy of B-lines (comet-tail sign) on bedside lung US, NT-proBNP, E/e` on ECHO in differentiation of the causes of acute dyspnea in the emergency setting. Major advantages include bedside availability, no radiation, high feasibility and reproducibility, and cost efficiency. Methods: Our prospective study was performed at the alazhar university hospital, Cairo, Egypt, between July 2019 and March 2020. All patients underwent lung ultrasound examinations, along with TTE, laboratory testing, including rapid NT-proBNP testing. Results: The median E/e’ levels in patients with B-profile were 18, compared with a median of 7.4 in the subjects with A-profile (P =< 0.0001 CI = -9.649 to -7.044). It was found that the sensitivity and the specificity of detecting B-profile on ultrasound is high when E/e’ > 15.5 (95.0% and 83.0% consecutively), which concluded the high correlation between finding B profile on U/S chest and elevated left ventricle filling pressure in a patient presenting with picture of suggestive of heart failure Conclusion: Chest ultrasound can be used as screening test for the evaluation of patients with suspicion of heart failure with excellent sensitivity and good specificity.