BackgroundCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique that is vital to deal with in many emergencies. Early interference with the cardiopulmonary resuscitation technique is really important for the survival of the patient. This study assesses the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CPR among Qassim University students.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Qassim University. The sample was university students. The colleges were chosen by a simple random technique. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire for knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to CPR. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY).ResultsThe total sample size of the participating students was 1148, of which 589 (51.3%) were female and the remaining were male (559, 48.7%). The common age was between 20 and 23 years old and most were from non-medical colleges (54.1%); the remaining (45.9%) were from medical colleges. The majority of female students (45.7%) in medical colleges knew the right location for chest compression better than the males, with a significant difference (p<0.05). No significant difference existed between males and females (p>0.05) regarding most CPR practices. On the other hand, there was a significant increase among medical students as compared to non-medical students (p<0.05) regarding most knowledge, attitudes, and practice items of CPR.ConclusionBased on our study, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Qassim University students toward CPR are insufficient and need to be improved. Also, medical students are better than non-medical students at CPR, so we recommend that the incorporation of a Basic Life Support (BLS) course, including CPR learning procedures in the university curriculum, with regular reassessments, would increase the knowledge and application of CPR skills among students for saving people's life.

Background: While teachers have an abundant responsibility for teaching and guiding children in their academic and overall growth, previous studies have found out that the prevalence of first aid training among teachers is still low. Even though teachers act as the first line of defense in any health emergency. The present study aims at investigating the prevalence of knowledge among teachers on how to handle first aid procedures for basic and usual accidents and chronic diseases such as diabetes and epilepsy. Methodology: Quantitative observational cross-sectional study was carried out targeting the primary schools at Unaizah city, Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. The sample included exclusively teachers enrolled in a systematic approach. A total of 315 subjects participated in the study. Results: Majority of the research participants were aged between 26 years and 50 years 291 (93.9%), with only 2.6% being aged 50 years or more. Most of the participants had bachelor degree as the highest education level 239 (77.3%), while there was only one participant with a Ph.D. While 44.2% of the teachers knew first aid education, 22.3% of the participants could confidently carry out first aid procedures. Three-quarters of the participants did know what to do after a pupil faints, while 47.7% of the teachers did know what to do in the event bleeding. Conclusions: Knowledge and education of what to do in an emergency that requires first aid appears to be not a problem in the primary schools surrounding Unaizah city, Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. However, the present study still warrants practical training for the teachers on first aid procedures

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BACKGROUND Diphenhydramine, commonly prescribed as an antihistamine drug, is not known for its analgesic effect and its use in acute pain management has not been thoroughly investigated. AIM In this study, we aim to explore the analgesic properties of diphenhydramine and its role in acute pain reduction in the emergency department (ED). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. The inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials that investigated the effect of intravenous diphenhydramine on the management of acute pain. Acute pain reduction was defined as a reduction in the visual pain score within one hour of drug administration. We excluded non-English articles, articles that measured the impact of diphenhydramine beyond the acute period, and those that used a pain score other than the 10-point visual pain scale. The information sources included PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, PROSPERO, and grey literature (ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) databases for articles published between 1963 and January 2022, along with the articles referenced at the end of the reviews, for the keywords ‘diphenhydramine’, ‘antihistamine’, ‘pain’, and ‘analgesia’. The researchers used the RoB 2 Cochrane risk-of-bias tools for randomised controlled trials. RESULTS We included four studies out of 128,902 involving 438 patients, out of whom 218 received diphenhydramine for pain control. The mean pain score in patients who received diphenhydramine was reduced by 28%; t(6)= -2.879, 95% CI [-2.87 to -0.23], p=0.028. When the baseline pain score was included in the analysis, we noted a reduction of 48% from the initial pain score. The pooled effect size or mean difference in acute pain reduction favouring diphenhydramine, taken from a random-effects model, was -1.53 (95% CI: [-2.35 to -0.70]) using Cohen’s d. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis confirms the analgesic advantages of diphenhydramine and supports its consideration as an adjunct for acute pain management in the ED.