The objective of this prospective case-control study was to determine whether uterine corpus and cervical length measurements have a role in dysmenorrhoea aetiology in virgins. Patients with severe primary dysmenorrhoea with visual analog scale scores of ≥7 composed the dysmenorrhoea group (n = 51), while the control group (n = 51) was of women with painless menstrual cycles or with mild pain. Longitudinal and transverse axes of the uterine cervix and uterine corpus were measured. Correlation between severity of dysmenorrhoea and uterine cervix and corpus axes was calculated. Longitudinal and transverse axes of uterine cervix as well as uterine cervix volume were significantly higher in the dysmenorrhoea group compared to the controls. There was a significant positive correlation between severity of dysmenorrhoea and the length of cervical longitudinal and transverse axes and uterine cervical volume. Our findings reveal longer cervical length and greater cervical volume in young virgin patients with dysmenorrhoea and severe pain compared to those with no or less pain.

The causes of mastalgia remain controversial. Our data supports some of the published studies, but not others. We propose that nutritional factors contribute less to the risk of mastalgia than is generally thought.

Objective: Anal fissure is a common health problem that affects the quality of life of young patients. The aim of our study was to benchmark results of lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) and botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Material and Methods: This multi-center, retrospective study used data from 135 chronic anal fissure patients. Patients' demographic features, clinical findings, fissure characteristics, post-defecation pain score, rectal bleeding or pruritus, and treatment satisfaction scores were recorded. Patients' data were collected from the hospital records and patients with all of this data available were called and invited to the hospital for examination. Results: Seventy-four LIS and 61 botulinum toxin applied patients were included. Symptom duration, hospitalization period, and duration of remission of complaints after the treatment were significantly higher in the LIS group (p< 0.001). However, pruritus in anus and relapses were found to be higher in the botulinum toxin group (p= 0.04 and p= 0.043, respectively). Abscess and fistula were observed in one patient's perianal region in the LIS group, and an abscess was observed in one patient in the botulinum toxin group. There was no significant difference in treatment satisfaction rates and postoperative complications. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin yields satisfying results that are comparable to LIS. Patient selection may help mitigate this disease and allow it to be considered a good alternative option to surgery.

Objectives: Colorectal cancer could be prevented with some basic lifestyle modifications.In this study we query the awareness of the participants about colorectal cancer who visit the general surgery outpatients clinic. Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 13 questions was applied to the participants as well as demographic data. Differences in awareness of screening and risk factors were sub-grouped according to age, BMI, education, employment status, monthly income, marital status, status of first-degree relative colorectal cancer, smokingalcohol use status and exercise status. Results: The most known screening method was colonoscopy with 73.6%, while the least known screening method was sigmoidoscopy with 13.4%. Also, the best known risk factor was smoking with 67.4%, while the least known risk factor was type 2 diabetes with 29.8%. In our study, those over 45 years of age, having higher education, working, having more monthly income, having a family history of colorectal cancer and exercising regularly had more awareness about colorectal cancer screening and risk factors. Conclusions: Our study had high levels of awareness compared to developing countries, however, awareness levels are not high enough and it is possible to increase these rates by educating the patients on cancer awareness.

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