A 22-year-old patient undergoing unilateral surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the right knee volunteered for the research project and followed an established contemporary hospital-based rehabilitation programme. The patient was supervised post-surgically by an experienced and clinically specialized physiotherapist. The clinical outcomes of rehabilitation were assessed by selected validated patient-reported and objectively-measured outcomes of functional performance capability on four different occasions (pre-surgery, 6th, 12th and 24th week post-surgery). The patient scored 30, 56, 60 and 85 on IKDC (maximum score, 100); 46, 53, 90 and 91 on Lysholm (maximum score, 100); 141, 73, 128 and 175 on K-SES (maximum score, 220); 17, 12, 6 and 6 on the symptom subsection of KOOS (maximum score, 28); 7, 7, 5 and 5 on the pain subsection (maximum score, 36); 1, 0, 3 and 1 on the daily function subsection (maximum score, 68); 0, 0, 5 and 5 on the sport and recreation function subsection (maximum score, 20); 13, 11, 15 and 13 on the quality of life subsection (maximum score, 16) of KOOS at pre-surgery and at the 6th, 12th and 24th week following ACL reconstruction, respectively. Moreover, the patient scored 1.96 m, 1.92 m and 1.99 m on single-leg hop (injured leg) when assessed at pre-surgery and at the 12th and 24th week post-surgery, respectively, following ACL reconstruction. The total time spent in supervised rehabilitation by the patient (675 minutes) was computed as the aggregate patient-reported time spent in exercise during each hospital-based rehabilitation session (verified by physiotherapist evaluation) across the total number of sessions. The patient managed to return to the sport in which he had participated prior to the injury, immediately after the completion of the contemporary rehabilitation programme, at 24 weeks post-surgery. A total of fifteen physiotherapy sessions supervised by the physiotherapist, were attended by the patient during the 24 week rehabilitation period. The latter number of physiotherapy sessions was substantially less than the average supervised physiotherapy sessions reported in the literature.

Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) programmes aim to utilise the existing resources in the community for persons with disabilities. This paper describes the role of the Resource Information Centres (RICs) set up in the aftermath of the earthquake in Pakistan, as part of the CBR framework. The authors perused relevant literature and added inputs from their experience regarding the role of RICs. The majority of persons with disabilities are not aware of the facilities available in their local areas. The RICs could play a vital role in guiding them to access the existing facilities comprehensively. RICs also carry out a variety of activities that facilitate social integration of persons with disabilities.

Background and purpose: Community-based rehabilitation programs focus on identifying available resources in the community in order to support the patients. Resource Information Centers (RICs) play a vital role in mobilizing these resources by disseminating appropriate information among the stakeholders. However, little has been reported in the literature about the specific roles associated with RICs. In this study, we report the role of RICs as part of a community-based rehabilitation program (CBRP) for a person with disability.Method: A 34-year-old male with left leg above knee amputation was identified during our field visit. The field visit was undertaken by members of a RIC visit to the areas affected by an earthquake in Pakistan in October 2005. The Government of Pakistan, in collaboration with some national and international organizations, had introduced a 3-year program (2007-2010) in which community-based rehabilitation programs were made available for areas affected by earthquakes. The patient was initially referred to another organization that was working on providing rehabilitation service for persons with disability. He was provided with an artificial leg prosthesis for which he had been referred. Results: After receiving the artificial limb, the patient managed to return to his previous occupation which ultimately improved his financial status. Moreover, an improvement in his social integration was observed in the form of his ability to attend social meetings and ceremonies. Conclusion: The patient case we discuss is, we suggest, illustrative of the majority of people with disabilities (PWDs) in countries such as Pakistan are unaware of the exiting services designed to help them to manage their disability. The financial constraints of the PWDs might be overcome by offering guidance on how to access the available resource in their community. Such actions significantly increase the provision of person-centered healthcare.

Introduction: With the recent advancement in the field of genetics, researchers and general public are interested to know the effects of genetic variability on human body. A variety of studies can be found literature regarding the genetic variabilities on human body, however, there is a scarcity of data regarding systematic review on the topic. This review was conducted in order to systematically review the available literature on the effects of genetic variability on running performance in professional runners. Material & Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was performed in different databases using the terms genes OR genetic (variation, variability, polymorphism) OR genomics AND running (performance, status, success) OR elite runners OR competitive running. Research articles published in English language from inception of medical literature to August 2019 that reported the effects of genetic variability on running performance were included. Those studies were excluded which reported association of gene mutations with genetic disorders. Reviews, commentaries, letter to editors and conference papers were excluded. Results: Out of total 8 included studies, 5 were case control and 3 were cohort studies. Six articles showed association between genetic variability and running performance while 2 reported no association between genetic variability and running performance in professional runners. Three studies investigated 'I' and 'D' allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, out of which two studies found association between 'D' allele of 'ACE' gene and running performance. Besides ACE, the included studies reported association between running performance and 'C' allele of aquaporin 1, Pro582 C allele of rs11549465 & 'A' allele of rs17099207 of HIF1A gene, bradykinin receptor B2, adrenergic receptor beta 2 & adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 and Titin gene. Conclusion: Genes such as 'ACE', 'HIF1A', aquaporin '1' and Titin may be associated with running performance in professional runners, however, there is limited evidence regarding it as only few articles have been published on this topic. Majority of the published articles are case control studies which clearly indicate a demand for conducting high quality research in this area.

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