Thin films of tin doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Sn) with thickness 300 ± 30 nm prepared by spray pyrolysis method at substrate temperatures of 400°C. The structure, surface morphological and optical properties were studied, for Two weight ratios of doping (2 and 4) wt %. The results of X-Ray measurements showed that all deposit samples have a polycrystalline pattern with hexagonal wurtzite type structure. The films crystallites were oriented along (002) plane. The morphology measurements obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that there is a change in the surface texture by the increasing of tin weight ratios with the rate of porosity of the surface when treating with 4wt %. The measurement of Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed nano particles sized and the roughness of the surface decrease to increase deflection, while optical measurements showed a decrease The energy gap of the models that are expected in the undoped samples.

Thin films of transparent and conductive CdO and B1,3)w% doped cadmium oxide (CdO: B) (1 and 3) wt %, have been deposited using chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP)) technique on glass substrate temperature of 300°C. Microstructural analysis indicates that X-ray diffraction study shows that the obtained films were polycrystalline. The preferred orientation was along the direction (200) and that the average crystallite size increases with the increasing B content. Morphological properties were studied, by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) which reveals that the grains have a similar column shape. UV-visible transmission spectroscopy reveal that the prepared thin films are transparent in the visible range, The value of the optical band gap obtained shows a slight increase in its values from 2.43 eV to 2.45 eV as B concentration increasing.

Various thin films of cadmium sulfide doped with different weight ratios (wt %) of indium (CdS: In), were prepared on glass substrates by Spray pyrolysis technique (SPT), The Microstructural, topography and optical characteristics were studied. Pure films and doped with In 1%. The results obtained revealed that the growth toward single crystalline hexagonal- cubic phases. The dominant reflection is in the direction (101) plane with a crystalline size 47.55 nm, which is calculated utilizing Scherrer equation. The increase in In to 3% tends the structure to be the poly crystalline with the existence of the prevalent reflection in the direction of (101) plane with a the crystal size of 53.89 nm. The topography measurements showed that the surfaces of the nanostructured are in the form of rods with a height of 1.99 nm and a diameter of 50-60 nm. The rod height decreased with the increasing in doping weight ratios, while the diameter of the rod increased. The optical measurements showed lower transmittance with the increasing of doping from T% 95 to T% 64. A decrease in the optical energy gap value was noticed.

Natural radionuclides in six selected fish collected from Shatt Al-Arab River south Iraq have been analysed by means of a gamma-ray spectrometry (HPGe) and estimated of committed effective dose intakes of the radionuclides 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K. The concentration of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K have been found to vary from 0.86 ± 0

Nanostructured pure and Indium doped iron oxide thin films were deposited via spray pyrolysis technique (SPT). The effects of Indium (2 and % 4) concentration was studied. X-ray diffraction patterns disclosed that Fe2O3 films have a rhombohedral crystalline of α-Fe2O3 phase and their crystallite size was vary from (12.13 – 13.84) nm with Indium content. The strain(%) parameter decrease from 28.57 to 25.04, AFM images of films show changes in morphology with decreased in surface roughness from 2.75 nm to 1.7 nm with Indium 4% doping, The 3-D images and grain size distribution are illustrated that they exhibit spherical nano-grains ranged from 72.72 nm for pure Indium to 51.22 nm for 4% Indium doped Fe2O3. The transmittance decreases with increasing Indium concentration. The bandgap energy of Fe2O3 thin film was 2.75 eV and it decreases to 2.55 eV for Fe2O3:4% In.