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Introduction: Compensatory inferior turbinate hypertrophy is a common accompanying manifestation in patients with nasal obstruction due to deviated nasal septum (DNS). The grounds for inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) in this population are still not well established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of septoplasty with ITR versus septoplasty alone. Methods: Computerised search in Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL was performed. Eligible for inclusion were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing septoplasty to septoplasty with unilateral, contralateral, ITR in adults with DNS. Primary outcomes were health-related quality of life and nasal patency. The secondary outcome was the occurrence of adverse events. Standardised mean differences (SMD) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Twelve RCTs that enrolled 775 participants were found eligible. Data were reported at follow-up periods ranging from 1 month to 48 months. The pooled effect estimate showed a statistically significant improvement with unilateral, contralateral, ITR in Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale (NOSE) scores. The rate of adverse events was significantly higher with ITR. Conclusions: Unilateral reduction of the hypertrophied contralateral inferior turbinate during septoplasty resulted in better subjective relief of nasal obstruction in adults with DNS than septoplasty alone. However, caution is warranted since only few well-designed RCTs were identified.

Objectives Overactive bladder (OAB) is identified as a urinary urgency accompanied by frequency and nocturia with or without urgency urinary incontinence in the nonexistence of a urinary tract infection or other evident pathologies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) or anticholinergic drugs in reducing symptoms and improving the quality of life for OAB patients. Methods We performed a systematic search in Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL, in which we included randomized controlled trials that compared TTNS with anticholinergic drugs or PTNS in treating idiopathic OAB. We evaluated the following outcomes: 3‐day voiding diary (voiding frequency/day, daytime micturition frequency/day, nighttime micturition frequency/day, number of urgency episodes/day, number of incontinence episodes/day, and mean voiding volume), symptom bother, health related quality of life (HRQoL), and adverse events. We used 95% as a confidence interval (CI) and p < 0.05. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for continuous outcomes, and the risk ratio (RR) was used for dichotomous outcomes. Results There was no significant difference comparing TTNS with anticholinergic drugs or PTNS regarding voiding frequency/day (SMD = −0.01, 95% CI −0.33 to 0.32), nighttime micturition frequency/day (SMD = −0.28, 95% CI −0.94 to 0.37), number of urgency episodes/day (SMD = −0.05, 95% CI −0.36 to 0.26), number of incontinence episodes/day (SMD = −0.04, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.25), symptom bother (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI −0.55 to 0.16), HRQoL (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.85), and adverse events (RR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.54). Conclusion The current meta‐analysis reveals that there is no statistically significant difference between TTNS versus PTNS or anticholinergic drugs for the nonsurgical management of OAB patients.