No abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Our objective was to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population in Saudi Arabia during this pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used targeting all accessible populations in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from participants using an electronic pre-structured questionnaire. Psychological impact was assessed using the Arabic version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A total of 1597 participants completed the survey. In total, 17.1% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 10% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 12% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher among females, younger respondents, and health care providers. Depression was higher among smokers, singles, and non-working respondents. Anxiety was higher among those reporting contacts with COVID-19 positive cases, previously quarantined and those with chronic health problems. Our findings reaffirm the importance of providing appropriate knowledge and specialized interventions to promote the mental well-being of the Saudi population, paying particular attention to high-risk groups.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

No abstract

Psoriasis is a long lasting immunological assisted skin disease along with many extra cutaneous manifestations, with substantial genetic and environmental influences. It affects about 1.5-3% of the world's population, though commonly not life threatening, but then again causes significant morbidity and has no remedy. We conducted a systematic search on the sites like Pub Med, Embase, Scopus, and multiple databases. The literature search included MeSH-terms and text words, in the following combination such as Blepharitis, dry eye, psoriasis, uveitis, immunological assisted skin disease. No restrictions were followed in terms of publication dates. The reference lists of included articles were screened for additional references. Psoriatic ocular findings may include conjunctivitis, dry eye, blepharitis, squamous intraepithelial neoplasm of the conjunctiva, corneal abscess and immune-mediated conditions such as uveitis, all of which may lead to articular changes. Its pathogenesis is very complicated and involves many molecules like T cells, APCs, keratinocytes, Langerhans cell, macrophages, NK cells, an array of Th1-type cytokines along with certain growth factors like VEGF, KGF which are instrumental in the development of psoriasis. Moreover, ocular disorders are characterized by a series of interconnected cellular changes in the skin like hyperplasia of epidermal keratinocytes, vascular hyperplasia and ectasia, and infiltration of T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and other types of leukocyte in the affected skin. Generally, ocular complications are managed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive agents. Surgical therapy should be carried out, when there are chances of visual disturbance. Timely and correct diagnosis with quick treatment or referral to an ophthalmologist may prevent systemic and ocular disorders. This review highlights the association of psoriasis and ocular disorders with their clinical sign and symptoms.