ABSTRACT:The forested areas along the coastal zone of the Mediterranean region in Turkey are classified as first-degree fire sensitive areas. Forest fires are major environmental disaster that affects the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Besides, forest fires result in important economic losses and even threaten human lives. Thus, it is critical to determine the forested areas with fire risks and thereby minimize the damages on forest resources by taking necessary precaution measures in these areas. The risk of forest fire can be assessed based on various factors such as forest vegetation structures (tree species, crown closure, tree stage), topographic features (slope and aspect), and climatic parameters (temperature, wind). In this study, GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method was used to generate forest fire risk map. The study was implemented in the forested areas within Yayla Forest Enterprise Chiefs at Dursunbey Forest Enterprise Directorate which is classified as first degree fire sensitive area. In the solution process, "extAhp 2.0" plug-in running Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in ArcGIS 10.4.1 was used to categorize study area under five fire risk classes: extreme risk, high risk, moderate risk, and low risk,. The results indicated that 23.81% of the area was of extreme risk, while 25.81% was of high risk. The result indicated that the most effective criterion was tree species, followed by tree stages. The aspect had the least effective criterion on forest fire risk. It was revealed that GIS techniques integrated with MCDA methods are effective tools to quickly estimate forest fire risk at low cost. The integration of these factors into GIS can be very useful to determine forested areas with high fire risk and also to plan forestry management after fire.

The forest areas located along the coastline of the Mediterranean region in Turkey are sensitive to forest fires in the first degree. According to the fire statistics, about 21000 hectares of forest areas are damaged by forest fires annually. In order to fight forest fires effectively, the firefighting teams should reach the fire location and start fire extinguishing activities within the critical response time. GIS-based network analysis method can be used to evaluate the performance of the firefighting teams in a specified area. In this study, the locations of three firefighting teams within and around Yayla Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) in the city of Balıkesir in Turkey was evaluated using "Network Analyst" module of ArcGIS software. In the first step, the optimum routes which provided the fastest access from the locations of firefighting teams to the possible fire areas were determined by using "New Closest Facility" method under "Network Analyst" module. Then, "New Service Area" method under the same module was used to calculate how far the firefighting teams can reach in the study area within a specific critical response time. It was found that 16 out of 19 potential fire areas could be reached by the teams within the critical response time. In addition, 83% of the forest areas in Yayla FEC was found to be reachable by the firefighting teams within the critical response time. The results suggested that the locations of the firefighting teams were found to be suitable for effective firefighting activities in the study area.

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Harp Okulu yılları Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün milli kimliğinin belirginleştiği ve Türklük bilincinin en üst seviyeye ulaştığı günlere denk gelmektedir. Atatürk'ün Harp Okulunda öğrenci olduğu günlerde yabancı dillerden çevrilen eserler okunmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çeviri eserleri okuyan kişiler arasında yabancı milletlerin üstün olduğuna dair vicdan ve inanç oluşmaya başlamıştır. Türkçe eserlerin yanında yabancı eserleri de okuyan Atatürk'te ise yabancı milletlerin kendilerinden üstün olduğuna dair bir vicdan oluşmak yerine milli bir vatandaş vicdanı gelişmiştir. Atatürk çağdaşlarından aksi yönde düşüncesini, mensubu olduğu Türk milletinin üstünlüğünü "Dünyada ondan daha büyük, ondan daha eski, ondan daha temiz bir millet yoktur ve bütün insanlık tarihinde görülmemiştir." diyerek ifade etmiştir. Atatürk, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti'ni kurarken milli benlik duygusunu yaratmaya özen göstermiş ve Türk milletinin bu duygusunu güçlendirmek istemiştir. Cephede askerine, barış günlerinde vatandaşlarına hitap ederken Türk milleti vurgusunu sıkça yapmıştır. Atatürk Türk milletinde milli benliği oluşturmaya çalışırken ifade ettiği kavramların da iyi anlaşılmasını istemiştir. Atatürk bazı kelimelerin sık sık telaffuz edilmesine rağmen aydınlar arasında bile anlayan kişilerin az olmasından şikâyet etmiştir. Millet, milliyetçilik kelimeleri de bu kelimeler arasında yerini almıştır. Atatürk milliyetçilik anlayışının temelinin oluşturan Türk milliyetçiliğini; "Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kuran Türkiye halkına Türk milleti denir." diyerek yapmıştır. Atatürk'ün milliyetçilik anlayışı sosyal ve ekonomik hayatın her alanında görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada Atatürk'ün söylev ve eylemleri incelenerek Atatürk'ün Milliyetçilik Anlayışı ele alınacaktır.