We present a novel, self-consistent analytical model of Gaussian-beam propagation through the atmospheric turbulence by solving the paraxial wave equation in a fractional-dimension space of dimension D, in the range 2 < D ≤ 3, corresponding to the effective spatial dimension experienced by the beam under given turbulent conditions in a free space optical (FSO) communication system. The well-known refractive index structure parameter ( C n 2 ) has been mapped from D = 2.668 ( C n 2 ≈ 10 − 13 , strong fluctuations) to D = 2.999 ( C n 2 ≈ 10 − 16 , weak fluctuations) in our simple analytical model, whereas D = 3 corresponds to the ideal case of free-space propagation under zero turbulence. Finally, an optimization problem is developed to mitigate the effects of atmospheric turbulence, leading to efficient transceiver design for the FSO communication system to ensure the reliability of links under varying atmospheric turbulence.

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Development and growth demand proper infrastructure, roads and sustainability of management practices with the organization. In order to negate any errors that come our way, Knowledge-based perspective helps in the long run. It states that gathering information, its efficient distribution and ability to market that information in order to gain competitive advantage and gain customers as a monetary advantage is one of the main perks of being in the 21st century. Constantly removing mistakes/errors from construction practices by acquiring information through a lot of means, via internet in case of customers or feedback or most off all-knowing competitors, their advantages, discrepancies, managing your disadvantages and enabling your team to go above and beyond into negating it, so that firm could raise their competitive advantage. This visionary attitude is what keeps companies sustainable and being competitive in almost all aspects with competitors. Innovation grows; new and improved products are produced as a result. To establish the proof for the idea, in this research a total of 100 companies are taken as a sample from KPK region of Pakistan.

Free space optical (FSO) wireless communication has emerged as a viable alternative to the existing fiber optics and radio frequency (RF) communications due to its ability to operate in unlicensed spectrum, offering huge data handling capacities and being cost effective with easy deployment. The underlying communication mechanism in the FSO link is based upon the laser beam propagation model. The propagating free space optical beam undergoes signal degradation due to refraction and diffraction caused by atmospheric turbulence measured by refractive index structure parameter (Cn 2). In this work, a novel, robust analytical model for propagating Gaussian-beam through atmospheric turbulence is presented, by solving the space-fractional paraxial wave equation. We report analytical expressions for the intensity and long-term beam spreading of a Gaussian beam in terms of space-fractional parameter D, for the range 2<D≤3. This range of parameter D, defines the effective number of euclidean space corresponding to atmospheric turbulence levels faced by the propagating Gaussian beam in the FSO link. The results of the proposed fractional model and the existing models agreed well, therefore the D-dimensional parameter can be used to effectively express the value of refractive index structure parameter (Cn 2). The classical values of Cn 2 ranges form 10-13 to 10-16 for strong to weak fluctuations respectively. However, in fractional-dimension scale, these fluctuations can be express as D = 2.668 (strong fluctuations) to D = 2.999 (weak fluctuations). The ideal case of free space beam propagation can be expressed as D = 3, with no turbulence. Moreover, we have studied the fractional-dimension model performance for varying wavelengths. Further, based upon a practical example, we proposed a self-sustainable FSO link architecture to efficiently minimize the effect of weak and strong fluctuations on the propagating optical beam, based upon the D-dimension fractional parameter, hence ensuring reliability of FSO link.

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