Background: It is difficult to achieve good primary stability of dental implants in soft bone, such as that in the posterior maxillae. Osseodensification (OD) burs, working in a non-subtractive fashion, condense the implant osteotomy bone in lateral direction and increase in the bone implant contact. Also, dental implants with deeper threads, and decreased thread pitch can increase initial bone implant anchorage. Methods: This study utilized 48 custom-made machined surface dental implants that were 13 mm long, with a major diameter of 4.5 mm and a minor diameter of 3.5 mm, a thread pitch of 1 mm, a thread depth of 0.5 mm, and a 4 mm long cutting flute at the apex.  The implants were divided into 4 groups, each group was made of 12 implants with a different thread design; V-shaped, trapezoid, buttress, and reverse buttress. The implants were inserted in 4-mm thick cancellous bone slices obtained from the head of Cow femur bone. The ostoetomies were prepared by conventional drilling and by OD drilling. Each inserted implant was then tested for primary stability using the Periotest. The Periotest values (PTVs) for the implant stability were tabulated and analyzed using a chi square test at significance level p< 0.05. Results: The results of this this study revealed no statistically significant difference between the Periotest readings for the implants in each category placed in either the OD or the regular osteotomies. However, it has been found that the implants placed in regular drilling ostoetomies had a significantly better primary stability than the implants placed in OD osteotomies. Conclusions: It was concluded that OD is not necessary in situations where there is bone of good quality and quantity.

Alveolar ridge deformities can be caused by several factors. Managing alveolar deformities prior to implant placement is essential to increase bone width, height or both. Several techniques and materials are now available to perform ridge augmentation procedures. The postoperative exposure of the membrane is the most frequent postoperative complications of ridge augmentation procedures. The present case describes the horizontal ridge augmentation procedure and the outcome of surgical attempt to manage post-operative membrane exposure, and shows the unpredictability of managing postoperative membrane exposure surgically.

Autologous platelet concentrates have become a rage in the field of regenerative medicine including numerous specialties like orthopedics, maxillofacial and cosmetic surgery, sports medicine and dentistry. The use of these platelet concentrates ranging from fibrin glues to the currently used platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has exponentially increased and it has brought about a radical change in the stimulation and acceleration of regenerative tissue processes. The current review highlights the evolution of different platelet concentrates and the use of platelet rich fibrin in periodontal treatment and tissue repair.

Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) is commercially available biomaterial that can be used to regenerate the lost periodontal structure due to progression of periodontitis. The present case describes the surgical treatment of localized periodontitis with furcation Grade II involvement using platelet-derived growth factor BB (growth-factor enhanced matrix 21S) in combination with particulate allograft bone (mineralize freeze-dried bone allograft [FDBA]).This case report showed complete furcation closure after using rhPDGF-BB in combination with FDBA to treat localized periodontitis case with Grade II furcation involvement.

Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of Zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (ZCH) mouthwash (Biorepair® Mouthwash) in controlling plaque and gingivitis comparing with chlorhexidine mouthwashes. Design: Single center double blind parallel randomized clinical trial. Setting: Qassim University, College of Dentistry clinics. Participants: 88 patients with plaque induced gingivitis. 52 patients fulfilled the study requirements. Intervention: Use of mouthwash twice a day for 60s for 2 weeks. Test group used Zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (ZCH) mouthwash (Biorepair® Mouthwash) while control group used chlorhexidine mouthwashes. Follow-up 2 weeks. Main outcome measures: Gingival index and Plaque index. Results: 52 patients (control n=26; test n=26) were randomized. One subject in each group were lost to follow up, leaving 50 patients (control n=25; test n=25) for analysis. Mean Gingival and Plaque Index score at 2nd week after the use of test and control mouthwash was statically not significant, p< 0.006 and p< 0.503 respectively however, there is marked reduction percentage wise in the Gingival and Plaque Index score in both groups. Conclusions: Zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (ZCH) and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash (CHX) both were effective in controlling Dental Plaque and Gingivitis.