Male circumcision is a controversial subject in surgical practice. There are, however, clear surgical indications of this procedure. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends newborn male circumcision for its preventive and public health benefits that has been shown to outweigh the risks of newborn male circumcision. Many surgical techniques have been reported. The present review discusses some of these techniques with their merits and drawbacks. This is an attempt to inform the reader on surgical aspects of male circumcision aiding in making appropriate choice of a technique to offer patients. Pubmed search was done with the keywords: Circumcision, technique, complications, and history. Relevant articles on techniques of circumcision were selected for the review. Various methods of circumcision including several devices are in use for male circumcision. These methods can be grouped into three: Shield and clamp, dorsal slit, and excision. The device methods appear favored in the pediatric circumcision while the risk of complications increases with increasing age of the patient at surgery.

Of patients with recurrent urinary tract infections and asymptomatic renal calculi 50% may be rendered infection-free following stone extraction. Patients with risk factors for recurrent infections after surgery should be counseled that stone extraction might not eradicate the infection.

Introduction: Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia and perineum but may involve upper thigh and anterior abdominal wall. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 47 patients managed for FG at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital from January 2001 to June 2017. Data were entered into a semi-structured pro forma and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.7 ± 19.4 years, with age range of 7 weeks to 72 years. All the patients were male. The patients had underlying urologic conditions in 27.6%, 15.0% were postoperative, 4.2% had anorectal diseases, 10.6% had medical conditions, and 42.6% were idiopathic. After resuscitation, all the patients had serial debridement, Hypertonic saline bath, broad spectrum antibiotics and wound dressing. The wound healed by secondary intention in 34.0% and 32.3% of the patients had wound closure ± skin graft. The treatment was successful in 68.0% of the patients, 15.0% left against medical advice, and 17.0% died of severe sepsis. Conclusion: FG mainly affects men with existing urologic conditions in our environment. Aggressive debridement, hypertonic saline sitz bath, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and appropriate wound care are associated with good outcome.

Introduction:Percutaneous cystostomy techniques are usually done using disposable sets in developed countries which are not affordable in poor-resource settings. However, the percutaneous technique can be done using reusable trocar or selected big size surgical blades. This is simple, safe, and cost effective in poor-resource setting. The procedure is best done under ultrasound guidance but can also be done blindly in select cases. We present our 7-year experience in ultrasound-guided percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy.Materials and Methods:This is a 7-year retrospective review of patients, who had ultrasound-guided percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy at Urology Unit of our institution from January 2010 to December 2016. Disposable cystostomy sets were used for the initial experience, but this was replaced with more cost-effective reusable metallic trocar or selected big size surgical blade methods in the later experience. Data were extracted from procedure register and patients' case notes and entered into pro forma and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.0 version (2011) for windows (IBM, SPSS Incorporation, Chicago, IL, USA) 20.0 version for Windows.Results:A total number of 135 patients had percutaneous cystostomy, which was ultrasound guided in 134 patients (99.3%). The mean age of the patients was 50.5 ± 23.3 years with a range of 2–90 years. The indications for the procedure include urine retention with failed urethral catheterization in 119 patients (88.1%), urethral injury in 14 patients (10.4%), and urethrocutaneous fistula in 2 patients (1.5%) with spinal cord injury. No major complication was recorded.Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided suprapubic cystostomy using reusable trocar or selected surgical blade is simple, safe, effective, and associated with minimal complications in poor-resource setting.

Background: Urine cytology is an important investigation in the management of urothelial cancer. It is particularly an important test in the management of urinary tract cancers because of its non-invasive nature. Objective of study to review our practice of urine cytology as a diagnostic tool in the management of urinary tract pathology.Methods: A seventeen years retrospective study from 1st January, 2001 to 31st December, 2017 where records of patients who had urine cytology in Usmanu Danfodio University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria were reviewed and data was extracted and analyzed using the SPSS 20.Results: Of the 766 specimens, representing 10.1% of all cytology done in UDUTH (7,554) during the period under review, the highest number of urine cytology was done in 2013 (12%). The age range of the patients was between 2 to 90 years with modal age of 60 years. Majority of the patients were between the ages of 51 to 60 years (24.7%) and male to female ratio was 6.3:1. The commonest indication for urine cytology was bladder tumour (66.8%). However, the commonest cytological diagnosis was negative (44.6%) while 19.3% showed Non Specific Chronic Inflammation and only 77 specimens were malignant representing 10.1% of the specimen.Conclusions: Despite its variable sensitivity, urine cytology remains a useful tool in evaluating suspected bladder malignancies and can serve as an adjunct to cystoscopy in these cases.