The survey aimed at identifying insect pests that attack vegetables grown in three irrigation areas along Jakara River in Kano, Nigeria. The areas were Kwarin gogau, Nomansland and Kwakwaci. Two methods of trapping the insects were employed, namely hand capture for wingless insects as well as hand net for flying insects. Morphological identification of insects was done using taxonomic keys, hand lens as well as light microscope for checking fine structures. Quadrant was used to determine the frequency of occurrence of insect pest on different vegetable plants at different sites, which was used in computing insect pest density. Six vegetable types were found to be predominantly cultivated in the irrigation sites. These included Lactuca sativa (Lettuce), Brassica oleracea (Cabbage), Amaranthus spp (Spinach), Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato), Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), and Allium cepa (Onion). The highest insect pest density of 66.7 pest/m 2 was obtained at Kwakwachi area, where Aphid was found only in that site. Caterpillar (Lepidoptera) and Leaf beetles (Coleoptera) were the only pests found in all the three irrigation sampling sites, while Bug (Hemiptera), Aphid (Homoptera) and Thrips (Thysanoptera) were found at Kwakwaci irrigation site. Amaranthus (spinach) was found to be attacked by all the insect pests identified (which include representatives from seven orders), with exception of Thrips (Thysanoptera). There was significant difference between number of insects per sites (P<0.05). There was also significant difference between average frequencies of insect pest per sites (P< 0.05).

The toxicity effect of glyphosate on fingerlings of Heteroclarias after series of range finding tests, the fishes were exposed to lethal concentration of 0.00 mg/L, 5.40 mg/L, 7.20 mg/L, 9.00 mg/L, 10.80 mg/L and 12.60 mg/L for 96 hours in a renewal bioassay procedure showed that the 96 hours LC 50 was 6.838 mg/L. Respiratory disturbance, erratic swimming, loss of equilibrium, lethargies and sudden fish death were observed in the exposed fish and these varied greatly with differences in concentration of the toxicant and this shows that mortality increases with an increase in concentration. Also, as the concentration of glyphosate increased the beats of the tail and operculum increased in 12 and 24 hours. Also the toxicant led to significant changes (P<0.05) in hematological parameters as the toxicant concentration increased. Mean Red Blood Cells (RBC), Hemoglobin content (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), reduced as the concentration of toxicant increased while other parameters increased proportional with the toxicant concentration. Others, such as Basophils, Eosinophils and Monocytes were tested but not detected.

Asa River is the most important river that serves as a cheaper and easier disposal alternative to industries and at the same time as a less expensive and dependable water supply to farmers for the production of vegetables in dry season in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara State, Nigeria. To investigate the effect of Asa River water pollution on water-soil-plant copper (Cu) mobility, a two factor factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) survey was conducted. The factors comprised of Factor A: distance between irrigation water sources and Factor B: irrigation history (irrigation duration in years).