Background: All concentrates given to camels were enriched in selenium (Se) mainly under selenite forms, but the impact on Se status especially on lactating female as well as the Se/antioxidant status of the she-camels milk needed further analysis. Aim: The current study aimed to compare between the efficacy of long-term prepartum injection of Se-vitamin E combination and that of multivitamins and their effects on post-calving clinical findings, serum steroid hormones, milk antioxidant indicators and milk somatic cell count (SCC) status, calf body weight and placental weight as well as vaginal wash isolates. Methods: The study was conducted on 3 groups of recently calved she-camels (n=45) from which two groups were previously subjected to 2 different long-term prepartum therapeutic regimens continued for 3 months, hence, the other group did not receive any treatment and was kept as a control one i.e. control lactating she-camels group (Cont-Lgr; n=15). A group received combination of vitamin E (ά-tocopherol) and Se and named vitamin E and Se treated lactating she-camels group (VitE^Se-Lgr; n=15). The last one received multivitamins and called multivitamins treated lactating she-camels group (Multi-Lgr; n=15). They were subjected to clinical and laboratory assays including milk antioxidant biomarkers [Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Se and vitamin E] and milk SCC at days 14, 21 and 28 post-calving as well as steroids hormones and calf and placental weight were estimated at calving time (Day 0). Results and Conclusion: The study reported higher efficacy of Se-vitamin E combination comparing with that of multivitamins as a long-term prepartum injection in recently calved she-camels that was reflected through significant changes in steroids hormones i.e. progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2), the milk antioxidant biomarkers and SCCs. Both two therapeutic regimens had more powerful effect than that the control one. The applied therapeutic supplements had no significant effect on clinical and haematological changes as well as calves’ body weights and placental weights. Body weights were significantly higher in male camel calves than those of female calves either in Cont-Lgr, VitE^Se-Lgr or Multi-Lgr.

Background: Organic egg is among the most common organic foods offered for sale in Egyptian markets in recent years, and consumers buy them at a higher price because they believe organic eggs are safer and have superior nutritional value than conventional eggs. Aim: The present work aimed to monitor antimicrobial residues in brown table eggs, whether conventional or organic type, in Aswan governorate markets and assessed their physical and chemical quality and their public health hazards. Methods: Brown table egg samples (n=400 total) were randomly selected in the present study, whereas they represented two equal groups (n=200 each) including conventional eggs and organic eggs. Eggs were collected from different retail stores in Aswan governorate, Egypt. Egg samples were subjected to thorough physical and chemical quality evaluation as well as assessment of antimicrobial residues. Results: The results reported organic eggs were cleaner and had a better odor, less blood and meat spots, but smaller with more shell cracks than conventional eggs. Chemical analysis of some nutrient contents in the egg yolk revealed significantly higher nutritive values of organic eggs than that of conventional ones as the organic eggs contain significantly higher levels of vitamin A and vitamin D/D3 and significantly lower values of cholesterol, calcium, magnesium and zinc than those in conventional eggs. Disc diffusion assay has been used for monitoring antimicrobial residues in egg samples. The results have shown that all examined organic eggs were free from antimicrobial residues, while 12% and 8% of conventional egg yolk and white were positive for antimicrobial residues, respectively. Conclusion: The study concludes the higher nutritive value of organic eggs compared with the conventional type because of their significantly higher contents of vitamins A and D and their significantly lower contents of cholesterol. Moreover, organic eggs were free from antimicrobial residues which maximize their public health benefits.

Intrusion Detection System is the process of intelligently monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network, analyzing them for signs of violations of a security policy. Its primary aim is to protect the availability, confidentiality and integrity of critical networked information systems. This paper considered and reviewed a CAPTCHA based intrusion detection model. A method of incorporating signature was used along with the CAPTCHA in the intrusion detection model to clear the controversy identified in the existing model. The signature provides a means of identifying intruders that are able to by-pass the system as legitimate users. The model was implemented using a website hosted online. Dataset obtained from the site was analyzed based on Naïve Bayes classification model using confusion matrices. Implementation of the data analysis was carried out using RStudio software package. Analyzed results shows a better Detection Rate (DR), Accuracy (CR) and False Positive Rate (FPR). This shows that the developed system has significant capability of identifying intelligent spywares targeted at breaking CAPTCHA

Background: The scope of using controlled intra-vaginal drug releasers (CIDR) in the camel industry was small relative to that of cow, sheep, and goat. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of intramuscular injection of AD3E (25ml/400kg; QA11CB, Merial, France) as a premedication protocol before CIDR treatment on ovarian hormones profile and calving rate in dromedary she camels (Camelus dromedarius) through measuring concentrations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) before, during and after CIDR use. Methods: The study was conducted on she-camels (Camelus dromedarius) (n=24) aged between 6-14 years. The animals were assigned into two equal groups; CIDR treated group (CIDRgr) and AD3E plus CIDR treated group (CIDR+gr). Results: Except for haemoglobin, the clinical and haematological findings showed no remarkable change either within each independent group or between CIDRgr and CIDR+gr. Serum P4 and E2 concentrations differed significantly between the first 7 days (During CIDR use) and days from 9 to 15 (After CIDR use) in dromedary camels. Serum concentrations of P4 and E2 showed significant elevation at CIDR+gr at day 0 comparing with CIDRgr. This significant increase in serum of P4 and E2 at CIDR+gr comparing to those of CIDRgr was also observed either during CIDR use (Days 3, 5 and 7) or after CIDR use (Days 9, 11, 13 and 15). During CIDR use, serum concentrations of P4 were negatively correlated with those of E2 either in CIDRgr or in CIDR+gr, however, they were positively correlated after CIDR removal either in CIDRgr or in CIDR+gr. Regarding to the calving rate, it was highest in CIDR+gr whereas CIDRgr showed the lowest one. Conclusions: It was concluded that the AD3E pretreatment protocol of she-camels before insertion of CIDR could be used successfully during the breeding season to improve fertility in she-camels whereas the serum ovarian hormones profile and calving rates were clearly changed due to pretreatment of she-camels with AD3E before CIDR insertion.

Cloud computing consists of a cluster of computing resources that are delivered over a network, which is accomplished by utilizing virtualization technologies to consolidate and allocate resources suitable for various different software applications. Therefore, an efficient task scheduling in the cloud would be required to improve the performance of the cloud. In this paper, implementation of a model that seeks to improve load balancing algorithm for virtual machine load balancing was performed using simulations. A method by which average burst time was used as the time quantum for the round robin load balancing algorithm to achieve more effective time sharing. Results obtained from the simulations along with performance evaluation carried out shows response time and data center processing time achieved using the improved model is slightly minimal compared to the other algorithms. This shows more effective load balancing by achieving a better overall throughput.