As the amount of data and information received and sent electronically increases in various Small and Medium Enterprises, companies and organizations, the adoption of cloud Database as a Service is becoming popular in the global business community. The operational burden encountered by users of Traditional Database Systems (TDS), such as configuration, provisioning, performance tuning, scalability, privacy and security, backup and access control, are transferred by Database as a Service to the service provider/operator. This offers lower hardware and software costs, remote online access to databases and reliable applications. Despite all the benefits of Database as a Service, security and privacy issues of the cloud database can present significant challenges. With the increase of unauthorized access to confidential data in the cloud, this paper presents encryption techniques that provide strong security against attacks using Transparent Data Encryption (TDE). To protect the confidentiality of the cloud database, TDE is used to transparently encrypt and protect data at rest, on hard disk, in transit and on backup media. TDE is effective, easy and provides high security levels to columns, tables and table space for data that require protection. This paper studies the performance of encryption algorithms (AES128, AES192, AES256 and 3DES168) with regard to CPU time, execution time and elapsed time. AES128 is found to have a better performance than other encryption algorithms.

40 41 Introduction 42 Khalwa is an Islamic educational institution, known as such in Sudan and called elsewhere Koranic 43 institution. Our research aimed to assess the nutritional status and its related factors among Khalwa 44 residents in Khartoum State. 45 Methods 46 A facility-based cross-sectional study was implemented in two localities of Khartoum State. A 47 multistage sampling technique was used to selected 1273 residents. At first level, four khalwa were 48 selected in the seven localities of Khartoum State through a stratified random sampling technique. At 49 second level, in each of the khalwa selected, all the residents fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion 50criteria were included in the study. The collected data were firstly summarized numerically and 51 graphically. Then, associations/differences among variables were determined through chi-square tests 52 and ANOVA. A multinomial logistic regression established the relationship between the nutritional 53 status of the residents and its related factors. All statistical tests were considered statistically significant 54 when p< 0.05. 55 Results 56The age of 1273 residents varied from 6 to 60 years with an average age of 15 years. Their mean body 57 mass index (BMI) of 16.6±3.4 ranged from 7.8 to 34.0. 73.8% (939/1272) of the residents were 58 undernourished, 23.9% (23.9%, 309/1272) were well nourished and 2.3% (29/1272) were 59 overweight/obese. The statistically significant factors related to the nutritional status of the residents 60 were age (under-nourished p=0.000; well-nourished p=0.004), status in the khalwa (p=0.001 vs 61 p=0.075), resting time (p=0.002 vs p=0.038), practices of hand washing (p=0.165 vs p=0.011) and 62 exercising (p=0.032 vs p=0.027). The food practices, despite their contributions to the model, were not 63 statistically significant (p > 0.05). 64 Discussion 65The nutritional status of khalwa should be translated urgently in a community-directed intervention 66 based on a partnership involving the affected communities, political and administrative authorities, 67 national, bilateral and international donors to overcome the burden of malnutrition. 68 69 70 71 72 74Malnutrition challenges the world with one in three people directly affected by underweight, vitamin 75 and mineral deficiency, overweight, obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases. These 76 conditions increasingly coexist in a nation, community, household, or even in the same individual across 77 the life course. While more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight or obese worldwide in 2015, 462 78 million were underweight. In 2016, 155 million children < 5 years were affected by stunting while 41 79 million were overweight and 52 million were affected by wasting. The Global Nutrition Report Group 80 in targeting to end malnutrition by 2030 pointed out that at least 12 out of the 17 sustainable development 81 goals (SDGs) contain indicators that are highly relevant to nutrition; it pointed out the central role of 82 nutrition in sustainable develo...

This research work examines the attitudes of Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) students towards use of InternetatUmar Sulaiman College of Education Gashua (USCOEGA) in the year 20010/11 academic session. In this connection therefore, the study aims at studying the effect of certain variables such as gender, computer/Internet experiences and Internet perception on learning process at different schools and levels in the college. A survey was carried out with a sample of 240 students from various schools and levels in the USCOEGA. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to the students sample. Surprisingly, the result revealed a limited awareness about the important and the usage of Internet among NCE students and the NCE students learning has no relationship with the usage of Internet. However it was shown that gender has no significant effect towards Internet usage. Furthermore, the study also vindicated that the token amount being paid for the Internet services stops most students from using Internet; in addition to that, contradicted findings were also discovered as a result of falsification of information by some students: conclusively, some list of recommendations were given base on the findings.

No abstract