Qualitative, quantitative and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis are useful for the determination of bioactive components necessary for accessing the antiplasmodial potentials of methanolic and ethanolic leaf extracts of Daniella oliveri (D. oliveri). The aim of the study was to screen D. oliveri for the detection of phytochemical components and determination of bioactive compounds using qualitative, quantitative and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analytical techniques. The leaves were collected in Anyigba, from which methanolic and ethanolic extracts were prepared, phytochemical components detected and bioactive compounds determined using GC-MS. Results showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, reducing sugar, saponin, terpenoid, phenol, cardiac glycosides and flavonoid in the extracts. Phenol showed the highest concentration (46.14 and 43.09 mg/100g) while terpenoid showed the lowest concentration (10.63 and 9.97 mg/100g) in methanolic and ethanolic extracts respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of higher components (57) in methanolic extract compared to ethanolic extract (27). This study provides scientific evidence that methanol may be a better extraction solvent for GC-MS analysis of D. oliveri leaves meant to be used for the determination of antiplasmodial activity than ethanol due to higher components detected in methanolic extract compared to ethanolic extract.

Aspergillus niger is abundant in most tropical soils and invariably, on the surface of yam tubers while still attached to the plant and on the root hairs during harvesting or storage. Naturally, the peridermic surface of the tubers function to exclude pathogen but damage caused by accidental incision or cut surface during weeding, insect attack and harvesting provide avenue for the infection. Aspergillus niger isolated from diseased yam in three zones in Nigeria synthesized cellulase which caused soft rot of the yam within nine days of inoculation. Microscopic and molecular analyses revealed two isolates of A. niger, P 1 and P 2, from different environment produced cellulase enzymes in significantly different proportions. When protein extracts from the infection were subjected to molecular exclusion chromatography, three peaks of absorption (A, B and C) were produced with only the components of peak A showing cellulase activity. Further fractionation of the components of peak A produced two absorption peaks (Aa and Ab) with only component Aa showing Cellulase activity. A. niger isolates, P 1 and P 2 showed considerable differences in the intensity of cellulase production suggesting that multiple strains of A. niger in the soil of yam-growing environments synthesized cellulase as transcriptional products in different manner underscoring the effect of physico-chemical properties of the soil on infectivity and virulence of the organism during yam rot.