Biodiesel prepared from Balanites aegyptiaca oil, through transesterifcation process, has promising potentials for use as fuel for diesel engines. However, there is limited information regarding the physical and chemical stability of this biodiesel during storage. In view of the aforementioned, this study was carried out in order to determine the oxidation stability as well as the extent of deterioration of Balanites aegyptiaca biodiesel during storage. Storage stability study was carried-out for three (3) months with the view to investigate the effect of oxidation on the biodiesel. The induction period and storage stability parameters were determined in accordance with official standard methods. The Balanites aegyptiaca biodiesel was found to have an induction period of 66 minutes. The storage stability study shows that: the peroxide value increased from 1.4 mEq/kg to 9.4 mEq/kg; cetane number increased from 50.42 to 52.48; while acid value increased from 0.11 mgKOH/g to 0.36 mgKOH/g. In addition, changes were observed in: saponification value from 215.99 mgKOH/g to 220.19 mgKOH/g, kinematic viscosity from 4.7 mm2/sec to 5.0 mm2/sec at 40˚C and density from 887 kg/m3 to 897 kg/m3 at 15˚C. The iodine value and lower heating value decreases from 68.53 gI2/100g to 55.84 gI2/100g and from 37.5 MJ/kg to 36.2 MJ/kg respectively during the storage period. However, despite the variations observed during the storage, the parameters were still within the ASTM and European specification standards for biodiesel. The result suggests that the Balanites aegyptiaca biodiesel may be stored for up to three months without losing its fuel properties.

Nigeria has been facing energy crisis for several years to meet the growing energy needs. Therefore, for sustainable environment and to contribute towards carbon neutrality, it is very much crucial to introduce energy audit in every sector in order to cut the growing demand. As such, this paper focuses on walk-through energy audit of Faculty of Engineering building in Federal University Dutsin-Ma. Data was collated manually and “Microsoft Excel” tool was used to analyze the building’s energy consumption. Electrical systems in the building were partitioned in to 68% for Surface panel light, 19% for Fan, 8% for AC, 3% for Fridge, 1% for Computer, 0.2% for projector, and 0.4% for printer and TV respectively. The result obtained shows total connected electric load as 131254-watt, with 10480-watt for lighting, 3380-watt for electrical equipment and 117394-watt for cooling and ventilation systems. Moreover, average individual energy consumption per day was found to be 463-kWh for AC, 151-kWh for Fan, 73-kWh for lighting, 23-kWh for fridge, 0.3-kWh for printer, 0.4-kWh for projector, 0.7-kWh for TV, and 10-kWh for Computer. The result also revealed that lighting systems have the highest percentage on number of appliances, whilst cooling and ventilation parameters have the highest power consumption amongst other parameters. Therefore, energy conservation measures discussed for AC being the highest energy consuming appliance may result to optimistic energy saving. Furthermore, reliable environmental-friendly alternative energy source that is up to 131-kW can be use to power lighting, cooling & ventilation and electrical appliances of the Faculty building.

Over a couple of years, the world's energy demand has turned to renewable energy sources due to the menace of global warming, while some African countries still depend on fossil fuels despite their harmful effects. Out of approximately 4 trillion (kWh) of renewable energy that is expected to be generated by the year 2030, wind energy is projected to contribute up to 1.1 trillion (kWh). Wind energy studies will be the centre for future renewable engineering efforts, being one of the most likely economic and affordable alternate energy sources. Furthermore, wind resources analysis has also revealed that the Northern part of Nigeria, which occupies almost all the meteorological locations in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone, possesses enormous potential for harvesting wind energy. This paper involves a systematic review of relevant literature to identify the outcome of various initiatives of researchers at appraising the prospects of electricity production from wind for sustainable development in the region. It was established that the area is blessed with enormous opportunities for harnessing wind for various applications, having possible average wind speeds reaching as high as 8.70 m/s at 10 m above the ground. The region can adequately utilise wind for power generation if the fundamental challenges facing wind energy utilisation are addressed. There is a need to systematically model and simulate the system's feasibility before actual implementation to assist in other managerial and technical decisions. Wind energy integration will immensely contribute to providing lasting solutions to the energy situation in the region and the country at large.

Plants oil are becoming important in commerce and nutrition worldwide as they are good source of dietary energy and raw material for the manufacture of industrial products. Despite this fact little attention has been given to Balanites aegyptiaca oil.  Therefore there is growing interest in understanding the potential of Balanites aegyptiaca oil as feedstock for improving livelihoods of communities in dryland areas. Balanites aegyptiaca is a multipurpose tree species in dry land of Africa. The plant seed kernel produces high quality oil that amounts for 9-10 % by weight of the whole fruit. Its seed kernel has high oil content (50 %) whose extraction is economically worthwhile. The oil parameters revealed that the oil composed of long chain fatty acids with high degree of unsaturation, making it a good feedstock for biodiesel production. It also has biologically active properties which contribute in its medicinal application. The oil is fulfilling in saturated fatty acids, as such are accustomed as cooking oil. Balanites aegyptiaca oil may be useful for industrialists that produce eco-friendly soap. Therefore, conversion of the oil to different products will help in domestication of this neglected and underuse dryland tree species. This may advocate wise use of renewable natural resources and not protection without possible economic benefit. Thus, Balanites aegyptiaca oil is a multipurpose feedstock with high economic potential and industrial applications if richly exploited. Furthermore, many prospective exploitation possibilities will emerge when further researches are made on this multipurpose oil.