ObjectiveTo analyze subregional differences in T1rho (T1ρ) and T2 values and their correlation in asymptomatic knee cartilage, and to evaluate angular dependence with magic angles.Materials and MethodsSix asymptomatic volunteers underwent knee MRI with T1ρ and T2 mapping. T1ρ and T2 values were measured by two radiologists independently, at nine subregions in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) cartilage, at angles of ± 0°, 15°, 35°, 55°, 75° respective to a vertical line (B0) bisecting the width of the distal femur, and at two locations in the patella. Subregional values of T1ρ and T2 were analyzed and significant differences in three divided portions of the MFC (anterior, central, and posterior) were statistically evaluated. Correlation between T1ρ and T2 and angular dependence with magic angles were also assessed for statistical significance.ResultsT1ρ values were lowest at +15° and highest at -55°. T2 values were lowest at +75° and highest at +35°. Both T1ρ and T2 were higher in superior patella than inferior patella. T1ρ showed significant differences in the three divided portions of the MFC, while T2 showed significant differences only between central and posterior portions. There was a weak correlation between T1ρ and T2 (r = 0.217, p = 0.127). T1ρ showed more angular dependence than T2.ConclusionT1ρ and T2 showed different subregional values and angular dependence in asymptomatic knee cartilage with a weak correlation. Awareness of these differences will aid in assessment of cartilage in a specific subregion of the knee.
Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor which is composed of cells showing smooth muscle differentiations.Primary leiomyosarcoma of the gallbladder is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. The imaging findings of gallbladder leiomyosarcoma are rarely reported. We present the ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging findings of a primary leiomyosarcoma on the gallbladder in an 82-year-old male.
CASE REPORTAn 82-year-old male was referred to our institution from a local clinic due to an incidentally detected large gallbladder mass. IU/L; total bilirubin, 1.81 mg/dL; direct bilirubin, 0.69 mg/dL).Tumor markers were within the normal limits (alpha-fetoprotein, 1.52 IU/mL; cancer antigen 19-9, 1.82 IU/mL). Abdominal ultrasound showed a large polypoid intraluminal protruding mass, displaying heterogeneous echogenicity and relatively welldefined margins with displaced thick hypoechoic overlying mucosa. Intratumoral vascularity was remarkably increased on color Doppler ultrasonography. In the lumen of the gallbladder,
10 3 /μL). A physical examination revealed palpable and tender multifocal lumps. Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed reactive lymphoid cells on a histopathological examination. Neck, chest, and abdominal CT scans were obtained to evaluate nodal involvement. Neck and chest CT showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes in cervical, supraclavicular, and both axillary and mediastinal areas. Abdominal CT showed a heterogeneous enhancing mesenteric mass and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the mesentery and both inguinal areas. Nodal involvement was most predominant in the cervical area. A chest CT showed no abnormalities in either lung. The tentative radiologic diagnoses were tuberculous or metastatic lymphadenopathy, because some of the nodal images showed central low attenuation with rim enhancement, which represents central necrosis
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