The advent of industrialization and urbanization has caused rapid
production of various types of domestic, agricultural, medical and technological goods,
such as different types of pesticides, herbicides, cyanotoxin, heavy metals, antibiotics,
dyes, phthalates, etc. Production of these substances has led to the production of
enormous amount of waste materials. Inappropriate discharge and uncontrolled
drainage of these waste materials into the environment have caused their accumulation
in the surrounding environment, causing serious health problems and destroying our
ecosystem. Different methods such as physical, chemical and biological have been
adopted to eliminate these waste materials. However, these methods are cost-effective
and have some side effects. Hence, in this chapter, efforts have been made to
understand the fungal enzymes involved in remediation processes, and their role and
the mechanism of action of fungi have been depicted. Besides that, we have also
discussed different categories of waste and their remediation using fungi, which is an
eco-friendly biological approach to remediate toxic materials.
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