Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in Ethiopia of all female cancers. It is considered to be a progressive disease with a poor prognosis if detected late. Breast self-examination is an important prevention method of breast cancer. This study was aimed at assessing practice and associated factors of breast self-examination (BSE) among female Debre Berhan University students in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 among 420 using self-administrated questionnaire. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done. Results Majority of the study participants, 338 (84.5%), were between 20 and 24 years old with the mean age of 21.1 ± 1.65. Only 14 (3.5%) had family history of breast cancer. Two hundred fifty-six (64%) of the participants had heard about BSE and 30.25% had good knowledge about BSE. Mass media were the most common source of information about breast cancer. Few of the participants (28.3%) had performed BSE. Lack of knowledge on how to perform BSE was cited as the main reason for not practicing BSE. Knowing how to perform, when to perform, and position to perform BSE and having a perception that BSE is important and useful to detect breast cancer were significant predictors of practices of BSE. Conclusions This study revealed that most of the participants had low knowledge and practice of BSE. Therefore, it important to develop health educational programs in the university to raise awareness about BSE and breast cancer so as to practice self-breast examination.

Modelling and analysis of traffic accident has vital role in reduction of vehicle accident. This study is aimed to assess the rate traffic accident over the ranges of several years and to model traffic accident with influencing parameters. The data used for study were; Geometry of the road, recorded traffic accidents, traffic volume, surface condition of the road, driver behavior and road infrastructure. The result shows that, the death rate in vehicle accident from 2001 to 2004, 2006 to 2008 and 2009-2010 is increasing. Also, from 2004 to 2006, 2008 to 2009 and 2010 to 2013 shows the decreasing. In major injury, it is increasing in first five years except 2004 which shows some significant change. In the next four years from 2005 to 2009 it shows decreasing except 2007 which shows a significant increasing. From 2010 to 2013 it is decreasing in non-uniform manner. In minor injury due to vehicle accident, it shows increasing in first seven years and decreasing from 2004 to 2013, which improvement in road safety aspect. In property damage, it shows in increasing significantly from 2001 to 2005. After 2005 even though, estimated property lost is increasing or high the number of accidents recorded as property damage is decreasing which shows a little improvement. The important index of vehicle accident in heterogeneous traffic condition is rate of accident which has been computed for four years. Estimated rate of accident for 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 are 152, 98, 469, and 103 respectively. Multiple linear regression model has been developed to show the significance the predictors on the traffic accident. The developed regression model indicates that, lack of geometric design is the major factor that pay role in traffic accident of study area. The determinant of vehicle accident is operating speed. Finally, black spot area in each Woreda has been identified.

No abstract

Background: Hypertrophic scars are characterized by contin­uous, expansive, slow growth, with spherical shape outward skin, clear margin, progressive expansion, absent skin infiltration and high recurrence rate after injury to the deep dermis. Evaluation of this scar in New Zealand rabbit ear after administration of different doses of Musa cavendeshii peel extracts provide an informative data in monitoring the changes in diameter, length and area using ultrasound scan techniques supported by vancouver scar scale indices. Objective: To establish the use of ultrasound scan techniques in monitoring antihypertrophic scar activity of M. cavendishii peel extracts in rabbits ear scar model. Methodology: Full thickness excisional wound was created to the cartilaginous surface of the ventral region of the rabbit ear marked with blue biro pen of 6 mm in mimic rectangular length of used x-ray film. Vancouver scar scale and high frequency laptop ultrasound (C5® Sonostar, China) was used to evaluate the scar regression for a month in the different doses of the extracts. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in all the parameters used during the 4 weeks monitoring of the scar. At week one, the result revealed the extract at 5000 mg/kg was able to reduce the hyper-echogenic area of scar (09.48 ± 0.20) as compared to the distilled water group (11.20 ± 0.00). This result shows a statistical reduction of 01.72 mm as noticed by ultrasound monitoring and thread used in Vancouver scar scale. Within the same week of study, the length (12.30 ± 0.20) of the scar was also shown to be reduced by the extract at dose 5000 mg/kg when monitored with the ultrasound and this was the same as the area (0.79 ± 0.03) as compared to the distilled water group.   Conclusion: Ultrasound technique was found to be effective in measuring the progress of hypertrophic scar created in rabbit ear scar model after administration of M. cavendishii peel extracts. Key words: Hypertrophic scar, Ultrasound, Musa cavendeshii peel, Rabbit ear