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A new ligand, 25,27-bis (3-(49-biphenyl-4-hydroxy carboxylic acid) propoxy) -26,28-dihydroxy-5,11,17-tetra(tert-butyl) ). Under the adopted conditions, both sorbents exhibited highest selectivity toward Ag + (70% for Cax-SG and 85% CBiPh-SG), followed by Hg 2+ (60% for Cax-SG and 65% CBiPh-SG) while the other metal ions were negligibly extracted (a 20%).

Sorbent materials based on a hydrazone Schiff base compound, C14H11BrN4O4, were prepared either by immobilizing the ligand into sol-gel (SG1) or bonding to silica (SG2). The sorbent materials were characterized by FT-IR, EDX, SEM, TEM, and TGA. The sorption characteristics of a matrix of eight transition metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+) using batch method were studied. Several key parameters that affected the extraction efficiency such as pH, contact time, metal ions concentration, and gel size (for SGl) were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the physically immobilized hydrazone sorbent (SG1) exhibits highest selectivity towards Ag+ ions, while the chemically bonded hydrazone sorbent (SG2) exhibits high extraction for all metal ions tested. However, for practical applications such as the removal and preconcentration of Ag+, the physically immobilized sorbent (SG1) is preferred.