Dynamic work environments in construction and civil infrastructure sectors remain susceptible to safety risks. Although previous research has resulted in improvements, there is currently a gap in measuring temporal impacts of safety risks quantitatively. Precise modeling of potential delays caused by safety incidents is vital for efficient management of risks and making informed decisions on project contingency. Toward this aim, the current research adopts a nondeterministic modeling method to simulate and quantify safety incidents and find correlations with project delays. Using a deductive approach, three research questions were formulated, and investigations conducted on Australian data collected from 2016 onwards. Quantitative impacts of safety risks on project completion times were numerically measured. Furthermore, safety risks were ranked based on their significance of temporal impacts on project performance. This paper contributes to the theory of safety management by developing a nondeterministic method to model impacts of safety risks at both industry and project levels. Practical contributions and outcomes can facilitate using machine learning methods to plan proportionate time buffers to address safety risks.

The ageing of offshore infrastructure presents a constant and growing challenge for operators. Ageing is characterised by deterioration, change in operational conditions or accidental damages which, in the severe operational environment offshore, can be significant with serious consequences for installation integrity if not managed adequately and efficiently. An oil field consisting of twelve well head platforms, a living quarter platform (XQ), a flare platform (XFP) and a processing platform (XPA) are the focus of this paper, providing an overview of the integrity assessment process. In order to ensure technical and operational integrity of these ageing facilities, the fitness for service of these offshore structures needs to be maintained. Assessments of the structural integrity of thirteen identified platforms under existing conditions were undertaken as these platforms are either nearing the end of their design life or have exceeded more than 50% of their design life. Information on history, characteristic data, condition data and inspection results were collected to assess the current state and to predict the future state of the facility for possible life extension. The information included but was not limited to as built data, brown fields modifications, additional risers and clamp-on conductors and incorporation of subsea and topside inspection findings. In-service integrity assessments, pushover analyses, corrosion control and cathodic protection assessments and weight control reports were completed to evaluate the integrity of these facilities for requalification to 2019 and life extension to 2030. The analytical models and calculations were updated based on the most recent inspection results and weight control reports. A requalification and life extension report was prepared for each platform to outline the performance criteria acceptance to achieve requalification until 2019 and life extension until 2030. This paper documents the methodology to assess the platform structural integrity in order to evaluate platform integrity for the remaining and extended design life. An overview of various aspects of ageing related to these offshore facilities, representing risk to the integrity, the required procedures and re assessment criteria for deciding on life extension of these facilities is presented. This paper also provides an overall view of the structural requirements, justifications and calibrations of the original design for the life extension to maintain the safety level by means of maintenance and inspection programs balancing the ageing mechanisms and improving the reliability of assessment results.

A large number of the old oil and gas facilities have reached or exceeded their initial design life. With a continued requirement to produce oil or gas, either from the original fields or as a base for neighbouring subsea completions, many of these respective offshore installations are likely to remain operational for a period of time in the foreseeable future. The ageing offshore infrastructure presents a constant and growing challenge. Ageing is characterised by deterioration, change in operational conditions or accidental damages which, in the severe operational environment offshore, can be significant with serious consequences for installation integrity if not managed adequately and efficiently. In order to ensure technical and operational integrity of these ageing facilities, the fitness for service of these offshore structures should be maintained. The maintenance of structural integrity is a significant consideration in the safety management and life extension of offshore installations. Detailed integrity assessments are needed to demonstrate that there is sufficient technical, operational and organisational integrity to continue safe operation throughout a life extension. Information on history, characteristic data, condition data and inspection results are required to assess the current state and to predict the future state of the facility and the possible life extension. This paper presents state of art practices in life extension of existing offshore structures and an overview of various aspects of ageing related to offshore facilities, represented risk to the integrity of a facility and the required procedures and re assessment criteria for deciding on life extension. This paper also provides an overall view in the structural requirements, justifications and calibrations of the original design for the life extension to maintain the safety level by means of a maintenance and inspection programs balancing the ageing mechanisms and improving the reliability of assessment results.

The world has a quarter of its natural gas reserves (approximately 2 billion TCF) undeveloped or "Stranded" in offshore fields. Many gas fields were discovered decades ago, but until just recently these reserves were considered to be commercially and technically non-viable. Floating Liquefied Natural Gas, or FLNG, is now seen as a potentially viable solution to monetize these reserves. Technology developments in offshore Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) liquefaction, containment and transfer have made offshore FLNG production commercially viable. Although land-based LNG and offshore FPSOs are each successfully proven in operations, combining the two technologies into a FLNG is complicated and faces various technical challenges. These include safety, ship motion, topside processing, hull & containment, offloading, integration and operation. One of the critical aspects of a FLNG facility are the space constraints inherent in any floater.. A concrete hull structure can be a good answer to these challenges. It can provide a floater with larger deck area and high built-in load-bearing capacity. Concrete has excellent durability in marine environments, is not subject to fatigue, and offers far better insulation properties than steel. This paper serves to highlight the benefits of a proposed concrete hull structure for FLNG production facility. The proposed concrete monohull concept benefits from significant flexibility with regards to topsides weight, equipment lay-out, simplification of operations and maintenance. Concrete has better fire resistance and corrosive resistance than steel structures and it is not susceptible to brittle fracture in the case of an LNG spill. These are considered to be of major importance for a FLNG production vessel. Building cost and time-scale are competitive.

There is an ever increasing need to extend the life of aging offshore structures beyond their original design life. Whether these structures are fixed offshore rigs or floating facilities, operators are continually looking for requalification and extension of the service life aimed at ensuring the integrity of the structure. With a continued requirement to produce oil or gas, either from the original fields or as a base for neighbouring subsea completions, many of these respective offshore installations are likely to remain operational for a period of time in the foreseeable future. The ageing offshore infrastructure presents a constant and growing challenge. Ageing is characterised by deterioration, change in operational conditions or accidental damages which, in the severe operational environment offshore, can be significant with serious consequences for installation integrity if not managed adequately and efficiently. In order to ensure technical and operational integrity of these ageing facilities, the fitness for service of these structures should be maintained. Maximising the availability and productivity of the field, whilst operating safely and with minimal impact on the environment, is a major concern for requalification and life extension. Structural integrity management (SIM) and inspection campaigns are important inputs in the Asset Integrity Management and the maintenance of structural integrity is a significant consideration in the safety management and life extension of offshore installations. Detailed integrity assessments are needed to demonstrate that there is sufficient technical, operational and organisational integrity to continue safe operation throughout an extended service life. Information on history, characteristic data, condition data and inspection results are required to assess the current state and to predict the future state of the facility and the possible extension of service life. However unique environmental conditions, type of structures, fabrications and installation methodologies used in Middle East required attention in particular, development of hazard curves and risk mitigation of the potential regional degradation mechanisms. During the life-cycle of an offshore structure the ultimate capacity is also an important attribute that affects the life expectancy, requalification and life extension of the facility, and can significantly influence the reliability levels and operational costs. This paper presents state of art practices in life extension of existing offshore structures and an overview of a regional hazard curves evaluation methodology and proposed regional correction factors represented risk to the integrity of a facility and the required procedures and re assessment criteria for deciding on life extension in particular the one with the importance for Middle East region. This paper also provides an overall view in the structural requirements, justifications and calibrations of the original design for the life extension to maintain the safety level by means of a maintenance and inspection programs balancing the ageing mechanisms and improving the reliability of assessment results