Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of selected therapeutic 12 weeks regular aerobic exercise on remedial case of premenstrual syndrome students. Materials: A quasi-experimental study was used on a randomly selected 30 female students aged 18 to 30 years who meet the eligibility criteria at Arba Minch University. Participants were divided in to two groups: experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15) for comparison purpose. The therapeutic aerobic exercise duration was 40-60 minutes and carried out for 12 weeks with three sessions per week. In this study the premenstrual symptoms questionnaire consists of 8 domains of used. The domains were pain, concentration, behavioral change, autonomic reactions, water retention, negative effect, arousal and control. A paired t-test statistical method was used for data analysis. SPSS version 20 was used for data management and analysis. Result: The study found mean scores of negative reaction decreased after 12 weeks with a frequency of 3 per week therapeutic aerobic training in the experimental group but not in the control. Further, a statistically significant change was observed for all measured variables for experimental group. However, there was no a statistically significant change for the controls. The selected therapeutic aerobic exercise training program on treating premenstrual syndrome had a significance effects on experimental group and students who practiced for twelve weeks with a repetition of three times per week. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of regular therapeutic aerobic exercise with three sessions per a week with intensity of 40 to 60 minutes reduces the severity of feeling premenstrual syndrome symptoms (PMS).

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The main aim of this study is to characterize and monitor drought distribution and expansion over Upper Blue Nile of Ethiopia by using univariate standard precipitation index (SPI) and standardized soil moisture index (SMI) whose joint distribution leads to multi standardized drought index (MSDI). The soil moisture and CHIRPS precipitation data from first January 1980 to 2016 are modeled. The indices of SPI, SMI and the joint MSDI value over the Upper Blue Nile are analyzed. The SPI for different time scales is implemented. The correlation between severity, duration and intensity including wetness and drought strengths is computed and analyzed. It is found that the correlation between duration and severity is 0.96 and normal conditions for SPI 3, 6, 12 month time scales are frequently observed rather than moderate, severe and extreme severe drought or wetness. Building on soil moisture and precipitation data of the summer season, the Clayton copula model is selected based on goodness of fit parameters. After setting the best copula family for the Upper Blue Nile then we applied the joint distribution method is applied for characterizing and monitoring drought. It is found that the MSDI more clearly showed that the severity of drought across the time series of each time scales, than SPI and SMI. As the time scale increases there is decline of fluctuation or frequency of drought and the rising of drought duration is shown by SPI, SMI and MSDI. By using Kebede et al.; IJECC, 8(4): 283-294, 2018; Article no.IJECC.2018.017 284 SPI6, SMI6 and MSDI6 the spatial distribution of drought is determined from June to August in the years 1984 and 2015 indicate the drought expansions in the eastern and western parts of Upper Blue Nile during the respective years. Original Research Article