A great mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) was a famous species in Scrophulariaceae family. It was generally used as herbal medicine. Explants of V. thapsus (leaves and petioles) were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for shoot proliferation.Plantlet explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with combination of Benzyl adenine (BA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for callus induction. The best fresh and dry weight of callus formation was achieved using 0.5 mg/l BA. Quantitative analyses with High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed the content of phenols like Coumarin, Eugenol and Thymol were relatively low in leaves of mother plant, (10, 41, 310 ppm) respectively. The addition of different concentrations of amino acids as a precursor adding separately to the tissue culture medium led to raise the accumulation levels of phenolic compounds in callus tissue. Generally, the enhancement of accumulation depended on the type of amino acids and their concentration. The results showed 150 mg/l of Proline encouraged production of Comarin to 2752%, while 50 mg/l of Proline promoted accumulation of Eugenol to 290%. Whilst 150 mg/l of Tryptophan increased production of Thymol to 390%, in comparison with mother plant.

Three American cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hybrids namely Lot Number (EM 285), labeled number 1, Hybrid super Green F1, labeled number 2 and Hybrid Top CAEEN F1, labeled number 3 were studied. Seeds of these hybrids were exposed to four frequencies of electric current (0, 1, 2, 2.5 ) amber(Am.) for 5 minutes and four periods of exposure for ultra-violate rays (UV) at 224 nanometer (nm) for (0,30,60 and 90) second. The treated seeds were sown on 2010 in open field that prepared and fertilized. The effect of electronic current Am and UV on the production of these hybrids was studied. Flowers number/ plant were recorded after 35 days of sowing; length, radius and weight of fruit were recorded after 46 days of sowing. Results showed significant differences between the hybrids in the studied parameters. Hybrid 3 showed a significant increase compared with hybrids 1 and 2 since it gave the highest number of flowers (19.97 flowers. Plant-1), tallest fruit length and radius of fruit (14.09 and 7.93 cm.fruit-1 respectively) and highest fruit weight 46.97 gm.fruit-1. While hybrid 2 gave 16.72 flower.plant-1, 10.35 cm.fruit-1, 5.72.fruit-1 cm (length and radius of fruit respectively ) and 30.2 g.fruit-1.The results also indicated a significant interaction between electric current and UV in all studied parameters. The 2 Am frequency and 60 sec of UV exposure gave highest flowers number (24.09 flower. plant-1) with an increase 85.16% compared with 2.5 Am frequency and 90 sec. of UV exposure. The results also showed a significant interaction between hybrids, electric current and UV. Hybrid 3 treated with 2 Am and 60 sec exposure gave highest fruit weight 86.33gm.fruit-1 with a significant increase for all tri- interactions.

Callus cultures were initiated for four Euphorbia species. Nodule explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with different concentrations 0,0.5,1,1.5,2 mg/l of the auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 2,4-D. Half of the cultures were incubated for16 hrs/day photoperiod, while the other half was incubated under complete darkness. The incubation temperature was 25±1ºC. Observations on number of nodule explants initiated callus were recorded at 2,4,6,8 weeks of culture. For callus maintenance, 50mg of callus produced were re-cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D 0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6 mg/l. Callus fresh and dry weights were recorded after 4 weeks. Results showed that nodule explants of Epeplus and Ehirta incubated under light conditions achieved the highest response to callus initiation 75-100% compared with the other species under experimental conditions. E.Helioscopia incubated under light conditions achieved the lowest response for callus initiation 25-75%. Results also showed significant differences between Euphorbia species in fresh and dry callus weights, E. Ehirta produced the highest fresh and dry weight of callus reaching 1.410 and 0.046 mg respectively. The amount of fresh and dry weight of callus produced under dark conditions was significantly higher than that produced under light conditions.

Three hybrids of American cucumber were studied, they are Lot number EM285 labelednumber 1, Hybrid tocaeen F1 labeled number 2, Hybrid super green F1 labeled number 3. Theseeds of these hybrids were exposure to four frequencies of electric current 0,1,2 and 2.5 Am for5 minutes and 4 periods of ultra violate rays UV at 254 nm. For 0,30,60 and 90 second. Thesterilized seeds were cultured in MS medium. After 3 weeks apical meristems of seedling wereexcise and cultured in new MS medium and of 5 weeks shoot systems were taken to study theelement content nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium and magnesium in addition toestimate protein percentage. The results showed that hybrid 3 had a significant increase ofelement contents and protein percentage compared with hybrid1 and 2.The interactions betweenhybrid3 and 90 sec. UV exposure showed the highest content of calcium element reached 2.73mg.gm-1 with an increase of 184.37%compared with the control. The interaction between 2.5 Amand 90 sec. UV exposure showed the highest rate of protein reached 15.5%with significantdifferences of all interactions.

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds on reducing glucose level for white albino mice. Twenty adults mice were used, divided randomly into four groups (five mice per each group). The first group (normal mice) was administrated with 0.1 ml of distilled water as a control, the second group (normal mice) was administrated with 0.1 ml of the plant extract, whereas the third and fourth groups (diabetic mice) were administrated with single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg of the body weight) to induce diabetes, and the fourth group was administrated with 0.1 ml of the plant extract for 10 days, then blood glucose level was measured for all of the experimental animals (diabetic and non diabetic). Results showed clear increasing in glucose levels in the diabetic mice, while significant reduction was recorded in glucose levels of the normal mice that was treated with the plant extract as compared with the control group. These results indicate that Arabidopsis thaliana seeds aqueous extract possesses a hypoglycemic effect. Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, glucose level, albino mice