Recently, Egypt has prioritized financial inclusion in its monetary reform agenda. The objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of financial inclusion in Egypt using the World Bank’s Global Findex 2017 database to conduct a logistic regression. Empirical results prove that there is no significant relationship between gender and the level of financial inclusion in Egypt, whereas, richer, more educated and older individuals are more strongly included in the financial system. The results reveal that the main barrier to financial inclusion is actually a lack of money; which hinders opening a formal account, savings account or credit account. Through possible policy measures, the paper recommends the need for a progressive approach to robust financial literacy and awareness in order for a positive economic growth role of financial inclusion to emerge in the Egyptian economy.

This paper attempts to critically analyse the driving factors that affects Egyptian female employability in the digital sector. On the other hand, investigates the challenges that female face in the business world, in the light of the entrance of Egypt in the digital era and governments efforts to achieve the sustainable development goals. Currently, Egyptian females have a better chance than ever in becoming entrepreneurs. The aim of the paper is to analyse some of the factors that affect female as employers and draws a clearer image to what factors could help increasing female employability in Egypt during the period from 1991 to 2019. This study used Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test to check stationarity of variables. On the basis of results of ADF test, ARDL approach of cointegration was applied. Results show that internet ratio has positively affected female employability, while laws have not affected it significant. Finally, conclusion and policy recommendation are proposed. Based on the study findings that show that female opportunities on Egyption labour market need to be accompanied with schools and universities education development in order to equip them with digital knowledge and skills necessary in the digital era. Also, government policies and laws are still needed to consider female as an engine to growth.

No abstract

The purpose of the study is to investigate the nature of the relationship between political instability and economic growth in a selection of countries witnessing political instability including Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Sudan, Brazil, Turkey and Indonesia, during the era (1994-2019). Research methods include country case study analysis of macroeconomic indicators and an empirical analysis, to determine whether political instability plays a significant and important role in the different dimensions of economic growth measured by the Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product GDP, and gross fixed capital formation. Findings prove a significant negative relationship between political instability and economic growth statistically and economically. Recommendations highlight the importance of transmission channels that enforce the significant negative relationship between political instability and economic development.

This study aim is to assess the impacts of the current external shock coronavirus on the Egyptian female opportunities in the labour. The current pandemic set light on the current challenges that hinder females to enter formal labour market. The upcoming analysis will define the relation between growth and female participation in the labour market, determine the driving forces to the Egyptian female to guide in designing strategies and set policies. We apply an error correction model to determine the link amid economic growth and female labour participation (FLFP) in Egypt during the period 1990 till 2019. The outcomes points out to the exiting of negative relation and insignificant impact of economic growth on FLFP, as well a percentage of females from population has inverse but significant relation on FLFP. The results will support literature and reflect on the challenges that hindered the female role to accelerate economic growth in order to participate in formal market. Results points out to the minor role of female in the formal economic activities and provide an insight on the missing link of the absent positive participation of the Egyptian female in the labour market. Female activities is not formally recorded and are unmeasured which is not reflected statistically but need new measures and assessments. Egyptian female is challenged with numerous obstacles difficulties such as lack of experience, date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus Scientific Journal for Economic& Commerce 368 date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus Scientific Journal for Economic& Commerce 369 date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus Scientific Journal for Economic& Commerce 370 date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus Scientific Journal for Economic& Commerce 375 date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus Scientific Journal for Economic& Commerce 377 date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus Scientific Journal for Economic& Commerce 379 date 9/12/2020 Accepted Abeer Rashdan -Doaa M.salman An insight into the corona virus