Renewed marginalization, coupled with ethnic nationalism, could severely hamper peace, stability, governance, and the delivery of essential service to the people. Therefore, disharmony resulting from marginalization and regional discontent is no more dismissible issues. Muslim communities in Africa, South Asia, and some parts of the Middle East are considered to be highly underprivileged in terms of representation, economic prospects, and education. This exclusion has made young Muslims particularly vulnerable to recruitment by terrorist insurgents who appear to sympathize with their plight. The terrorists usually offer them possible alternatives to earn income and to express their grievances. Since the stability of any society largely depends on political, security, and economic freedom, communities that do not attain it, are likely to be vulnerable to recruitment by insurgent groups that meet their needs. This study examined how Somali Muslims' perceptions of marginalization influenced their radicalization in Kenya. A total of 400 respondents were sampled from a target population of 623,060. Sixty respondents were Muslim religious leaders in Garissa county, 40 respondents were law enforcement personnel working in Garissa County, 100 respondents were government officials in administrative offices within the County, and 200 respondents were local Somali youths aged between 17-35 years. Data was collected from the respondents through the administration of the questionnaires in hard copy form. The split-half method was employed to guarantee reliability of the survey, while validity was addressed by phrasing all survey and FGD questions appropriately in line with the research objectives. The collected data was then examined using quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. The quantitative analysis focused on numerical data, while qualitative analysis was used to analyze nonnumerical information provided by respondents. In analyzing Somali Muslim views on marginalization and its effect on radicalization, this study employed correlation research design and Samuel Stouffer's relative deprivation theory of social behaviour. The findings of this study indicate that the perceptions of marginalization by Somali Muslims are related to an upsurge in radicalization.

Kenya and Somalia share a common pre- and post-colonial history, and both countries have a substantial ethnic Somali population. They also share a resource-rich marine boundary, which has been the centre of controversy as each country claims it. Additionally, both Kenya and Somalia are critical players in the Horn of Africa region. Their security relations will to a significant extent, determine the peace and stability of the region. Although the consideration of power competition could primarily shape Somalia's security strategy in the Horn of Africa region, the role of domestic politics and economic factors in Somalia's strategic thinking cannot be discounted. Kenya has primarily adopted a pragmatic approach to managing her relations with Somalia over the past decade. With Kenya and Somalia sharing a long porous border, which is frequented by al-Shabaab and other insurgent groups, it is expected that skirmishes will erupt as forces on either side tackle security threats. Other pertinent issues affecting the Kenya-Somalia relations include increased piracy, unlicensed, illegal and unreported fishing along the Gulf of Aden alongside toxic waste dumping in the area. To ensure that these activities are controlled and curtailed, there is a need for solid cooperation, notwithstanding the long-simmering differences between the two nations. Based on a wide range of sources, this article examines salient issues contributing to simmering tension between Kenya and Somalia. It also provides a critical evaluation of Kenya's perceptions of Somalia and their implications.

As the region's leading influence, Kenya is among the few African countries that have enjoyed relative peace since independence. Kenya's pivotal role in the greater Horn of Africa has been instrumental in improving regional security. The nation's influence in the areas of intelligence, counterterrorism, and personal protection has immensely contributed to the war on terror through progressive defeat of prominent extremist organizations and terror groups such as the Al-Shabaab. Moreover, Kenya is the leading hub for technological advancement and innovation within the East Africa region, with a vibrant and progressive economy. With its election as a nonpermanent member of the UN Security Council, Kenya has gained enviable status among nations as an instrumental country in world politics and peace making. This status has increased the country's position as one that can influence the geopolitics and security situation in greater Horn of Africa region. Thus, Kenya's capacity to influence and enforce stability in the Horn of Africa has exponentially increased through the years. This article will examine Kenya's contribution to peace and stability in the Horn of Africa region.

International Organizations such as the Council of Europe and the United Nations have developed several legal provisions on prisoners' rights. These liberal rules are intended to improve how various actors handle incarcerated offenders in the criminal justice system. Local legislations have similarly been developed by various countries to protect and safeguard the right of prisoners. This review will examine various international legal provisions and the local statutory requirements available under the Kenyan justice system. In particular, the requirements of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (UNSMR) will be examined and compared to various local legal provisions in the Penal code and the Prisons Act (CAP 90 of the Laws of Kenya). Additionally, the examination will cover some of the challenges that hinder the effective implementation of local and international rules on prisoners' rights in the Kenyan context.

In the last hundred years, Africa has remained the axiom for coups d'état and civil conflicts. The insistence of democratically elected leaders to hold on to power has, in some instances, hugely influenced this trend. This article will analyze cases of constitutional violations by African presidents. It attempts to examine the motivation for this prevalent trend. It shall also analyze civil conflicts in African states, examine its possible causes, and identify the linkage between constitutional violations and coups d'état.