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This study was carried out to evaluate the morphology of spermatozoa in infertile men with and without varicocele. A series of 285 ejaculates were fully evaluated for seminal volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology, and classified into fertile (165 subjects), infertile without varicocele (93 subjects) and infertile with varicocele (27 subjects). Sperm morphology was classified by multiple entry criteria and recorded as normal, abnormal with head, midpiece, or tail single anomaly or abnormal with simultaneous multiple abnormalities. Semen volume was almost identical in the three groups. Among the infertile men, sperm count was lower in those having a varicocele, but conversely those with varicocele had a higher percentage of motile spermatozoa, higher percentage of spermatozoa with forward movement and higher sperm velocity. There were higher proportions of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology, total number of anomalies, and multiple anomalies in infertile men, both with and without varicocele, than in fertile men. The percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was higher in infertile men with varicocele than in those without varicocele. The pattern of sperm morphology differed between the infertile and the fertile group, and with the presence or absence of varicocele. In the presence of varicocele, only the incidence of elongated (tapered) forms was significantly increased.

In an attempt to study the ovulation recovery after hormonal contraception, 20 patients who were on B. C. P. (birth control pills) during 12--36 months, were switched to I. U. D. contraception, and the ovarian changes occurred were assessed by laparoscopy and laparoscopic ovarian biopsy. Fresh corpus leuteum was found in 12 cases (60%), some follicular activity in 4 cases (20%) and no signs of activity in 4 cases (20%). Our results suggest that neither the length of hormonal contraception nor the patient's age have any particular influence upon the return of ovulation.