Background: Non-adherence to the medication regimen is currently a relevant problem that affects many of the people who need to take prescribed medication. Objective: To describe the adherence to the oral medication regimen in a rural parish in the municipality of Chaves. Method: Observational, descriptive, correlational, and longitudinal study using a nonprobability convenience sample of 228 individuals. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characterization form and a measure of therapeutic adherence. Results: The level of adherence to the medication regimen increased in the second moment, after the intervention: the mean was 5.14 ± 0.74 in the first moment and 5.69 ± 0.36 in the second moment. Only 16.9% of the individuals adhered completely to the medication regimen. Conclusion:The health care team, namely the nurse, together with the patient and the family, can outline strategies to promote the adherence to the medication regimen at the educational, behavioral, and motivational levels.