To cite this article: Abel Olaleye (2008) ABSTRACT. With a focus on the Nigerian property market, this paper considered and empirically analyzed how property market nature and the perception of market players of some qualitative factors have impacted on choice of property portfolio diversification strategies. Questionnaires, backed up with interviews, were administered on 28 institutional property investors and 159 real estate practitioners in three commercial nerve centres of Nigeria, namely, Lagos, Abuja and Port-Harcourt metropolitan areas. The frequency distribution analyses' results revealed that the Nigerian property market was an emerging one and, as it is expected, there was dearth of time series data while investors in the market were small time institutional investors. Using mean rating on a 4-point rating scale, the study found six factors, arising from the nature of the property market, as the significant factors impacting on choice of diversification strategies. These are: the investors' overall expectation of the benefits of diversification scheme, the need to reduce management operating costs, management convenience, operating environment, market players' education and knowledge of alternative diversification techniques and availability or otherwise of data in the market. The result of cross tabulation and Chi-square test also indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between educational qualifications of practitioners and their choice of diversification strategies.
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that have influenced the use of implicit (naïve) techniques in property portfolio diversification evaluation in the Nigeria property market. This is necessitated by the need to look at the ways by which the property portfolio diversification evaluation practice in the market could be made to improve and adjust to ever changing global trends in this area. Design/methodology/approach -The authors of this paper administered questionnaires, backed up with interviews, on 28 institutional property investors and 128 real estate practitioners in three locations (commercial nerve centres) of the country, namely, Lagos, Abuja and Port-Harcourt metropolitan areas. Data were analysed with the use of frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation measures, relative importance index and Pearson Chi-Square test. Findings -The results of the study in this paper revealed, among others, that lack of time series data and the small size of many of the investors' portfolios in Nigeria encouraged the use of implicit analysis in their property portfolio evaluation techniques. The study also showed that investors and practitioners detest complex calculations and were using traditional evaluation techniques because they considered the methods as needing no pre-requisite knowledge before they could be used. Practical implications -The study in the paper concluded that there is the need for a restructuring of the Nigerian real estate education and portfolio evaluation practice and the use of a micro-real estate specific data derived from local market information to develop property performance indices towards building up functional real estate indices at the regional and national levels. Originality/value -This paper is a pioneering attempt at establishing the factors that influenced the use of implicit techniques in property portfolio diversification evaluation in emerging property markets like Nigeria.
Purpose With a focus on Lagos property market, the purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence accessibility to data for valuation and investment analysis in Nigeria. This was with a view to improving accessibility to property data in the market, thereby enhancing investment appraisal practice. Design/methodology/approach Primary data utilized for the study were sourced through the use of questionnaire administered on property practitioners (referred to as estate surveying and valuation (ESV) firms) in Lagos property market. A total of 190 ESV firms were selected using stratified random sampling based on their geographical location. Relative significance index (RSI), frequency distribution and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed for data analysis. Findings A total of 19 factors were identified as affecting accessibility to data. Confidentiality attached to property data by practitioners was ranked as the most significant factor with RSI of 0.81. The next three factors were lack of cooperation within members of professional body (0.79), accuracy of data (0.76) and duty of care to client (0.75), while the least ranked factor was duplication of data set (0.63). All the 19 variables were further grouped into six principal factors using PCA, namely, economic, attitudinal, ethical, legal, administrative and technical factors; with each factor explaining the following variance, 16.75, 16.1, 13.64, 12.78, 10.51 and 7.95, respectively. Practical implications The paper’s results will enable stakeholders to address the challenges to data accessibility in Lagos property market and similar opaque markets elsewhere thereby enhancing property data accessibility and investment analysis. Originality/value The paper is an attempt to examine the factors affecting accessibility to data identified in different studies holistically together in a single study and from the perspective of an emerging property market like Nigeria.
Purpose – The paper examined the long-run relationship between real estate equity (property listed stock) and non-real estate equity (common stock) in the Nigerian capital market and established the integration between the investments. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The data collected comprised quarterly returns on property listed stock and All Share Index for the period of January 1999-December 2011. The calculated quarterly returns of the investments were subjected to the Philip-Person unit root test after which the integration between the investments was analysed using the Johansson integration test. Findings – The results showed that real estate equity performed better the non-real estate equity but with corresponding higher risk level. Also, real estate equity had a slightly lower performance when compared with non-real estate equity on return/risk ratio basis. The findings showed that property listed stock (real estate equity) was integrated with common stock or non-real estate equity and suggest that the Nigerian listed property stock, by nature, was similar to REITs. This result negates the belief that property listed stock's returns are integrated with direct real estate market and are often influenced by the returns of the underlying direct real estate assets. Practical implications – The paper implied that while investors could consider investing in real estate equity and earn better return than investing in common equity in the Nigerian capital market, the inclusion of both in a domestic portfolio could be expected to bring little or no diversification benefit. Originality/value – The paper is one of the few attempts at assessing the long-run relationship between property listed stock as a form of real estate equity and non-real estate equity and especially from African emerging market perspective.
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