An experiment was conducted to assess the influence of chemical and oil coatings on storage life of kagzi lime fruits. Fruits were harvested at physiological light green mature stage and treated with different

Water scarcity has many negative impacts on the environment, including lakes, rivers, wetlands, and other fresh water resources. Furthermore, water shortage makes flow management in the rehabilitation of village streams problematic. Owing to poor water resource management system and climate change India faces a persistent water shortage. Indian agriculture accounts for 90% water use due to fast track ground water depletion and poor irrigation systems. Water is a critical input into agriculture in nearly all its aspects having a determining effect on the eventual yield. Adequate availability of water is important for crop and animal husbandry as well. India accounts for about 17% of the world's population but only 4% of the world fresh water resources. Distribution of these water resources across the vast expanse of the country is also uneven. The water received is prone to runoff, seepage and percolation much faster than its uptake for crop growth. This causes potential water shortage for rainfed rice at various stages and discourages adoption of modern rice technology. Thus development of irrigation is only the solution to meet-out the food demand of ever growing population and alleviating poverty from rural area. Expansion of irrigation through major and medium irrigation systems is nearly blocked due to many reasons. Adopting minor irrigation systems has its own limitation of ultimate irrigation potential of the area. Rainwater collection in dugout small farm-pond and recycle the collected water for irrigation purposes during in-season water stresses and for establishment of post rainy season crops are found profitable approach for rainfed areas of eastern India. Large number water harvesting ponds have been created but potential benefits are not realized owing to inefficient use of harvested water. The water harvesting pond can be making effective by adoption of farming system approach along with fertigation technique. This paper reviews the current status of water availability in rainfed areas, its usage in agriculture, water smart technologies developed in agriculture and how farmer's is attempting to move towards sustainable economy.

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Wadi cultivation is a major programme of socio-economic rehabilitation of the tribals and other backward sections throughout the country. Wadi is not only a programme for providing food security and ecological restoration but it is also a strong foundation to build the local capabilities to initiate other community development programmes for socio-economic development and has relevance for all sections of the society feasible with ecological restoration with poverty eradication. Kitchen garden or backyard cultivation is locally known as wadi cultivation in Chhattisgarh. The area of wadi ranged from 0.10 to 1.00 acre with average of 0.56 acre and using for cultivation of vegetables and fruit plants. Wadi cultivation has tremendous potential for improving livelihood of smallholders. Mostly vegetable is grown and utilizing for domestic purposes but enterprising farmers are growing vegetables for selling purposes. In this study, 62 wadis were randomly selected respectively from Murltitola, Arajkund, Kaudikasa, Bhagwantola and Netamtola villages of Rajnandgaon district 2016-17 with objectives to promote this practice as enterprise for earning of the farm families after systematic economic analysis and policy support. Weekly input and output of Wadi cultivation was recorded from 62 farmers during 2016-17, thereafter, critical inputs like hybrid vegetable seed, irrigation and skill development on vegetable production were given (2016-17 to 2017-18) to the farmers as interventions for promoting productivity and assessing potential of the system. After two years, data were collected and analyzed and presented here with reference to baseline done in 2016-17. Major crops grown by the farmers were tomato, brinjal, cowpea, cauliflower, cabbage, coriander, chilli, bitter guard, lady finger, spinach, bottle guard, onion potato, radish, ginger and turmeric. The wadi area was divided for 2-4 crops in a season by the farmers depending on availability of resources and market. Significant improvement in vegetable yields was recorded before 2016-17 and after 2017-18 interventions. Annual net income from each Wadi system (0.48 acre) was Rs.39231 before intervention and Rs. 72395 after intervention under rainfed condition. Farmers (based on average of 62 farmers) were getting Rs. 130461 and Rs. 275610 before (2016-17) and after (2017-18) interventions under irrigation condition. The cropping intensity increased from 132 to 160 percent under rainfed condition whereas, under irrigated condition, the intensity improved from 236 to 270 percent. Farmers were harvesting produce daily and transporting throw cycles or motor cycles for selling in the local market. Thus, it can be concluded that the Wadi system is very attractive economically and nutritionally for survival and sustaining livelihoods of rural smallholder.

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