We present findings from an experimental study of the impact of liquid marbles onto solid surfaces. Using dual-view high-speed imaging, we reveal details of the impact dynamics previously not reported. During the spreading stage it is observed that particles at the surface flow rapidly to the periphery of the drop, i.e., the lamella. We characterize the spreading with the maximum spread diameter, comparing to impacts of pure liquid droplets. The principal result is a power-law scaling for the normalized maximum spread in terms of the impact Weber number, D_{max}/D_{0}∼We^{α}, with α≈1/3. However, the best description of the spreading is obtained by considering a total energy balance, in a similar fashion to Pasandideh-Fard et al. [Phys. Fluids 8, 650 (1996)]PHFLE61070-663110.1063/1.868850. By using hydrophilic target surfaces, the marble integrity is lost even for moderate impact speeds as the particles at the surface separate and allow liquid-solid contact to occur. Remarkably, however, we observe no significant difference in the maximum spread between hydrophobic and hydrophilic targets, which is rationalized by the presence of the particles. Finally, for the finest particles used, we observe the formation of nonspherical arrested shapes after retraction and rebound from hydrophobic surfaces, which is quantified by a circularity measurement of the side profiles.
The model of circular journal bearing has been simulated using the ANSYS Fluent Software which solves 3-Dimensional Navier Stokes and Energy equation for finding the thermal performance characteristics of the bearing instead of solving 2-Dimensional Reynolds Equation. The flow of lubricant is assumed to be laminar and its viscosity varies with the change in the pressure and temperature of the lubricant. The distribution of pressure and temperature throughout the bearing have been obtained by assuming the uniform viscosity i.e. iso thermal analysis and by varying viscosity with temperature means Thermo-hydrodynamic Analysis at a eccentricity=O.8 and rotational speed of 2000rpm. It has been found that the rise in temperature is less in thermohydrodynamic analysis as compared to iso-thermal analysis because of the consideration of viscosity variation.
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