Spectral properties of dyes change upon attachment to surfaces which need to be understood. While the effects of surface properties affecting the changes such as Brønsted acidity is well-covered, that of surface energy components is not well studied. In this work, two dyes with different number of carboxylic groups were attached on three surfaces (PET, PDMS, and silicon). It was observed the “surface energy components” rather than “total surface free energy” were more pertinent in explaining changes in the spectral properties of the immobilized dyes. An increase in the basic component of surface energy favored monomer formation, while a decrease favored agglomeration. Thus, tuning the spectra of a dye by using surfaces with different surface energy components enables use of the dye for different applications. As an application, dye attached on PET substrate showed promise as optical pH sensor in the range of pH 7–10.

Organic dyes, both in solution phase and in immobilized condition, are useful tools for optical detection. Studies have shown that spectral property of dyes in solution are different from that in the immobilized state. In this work, we have studied the optical properties of dyes in solution as well as in immobilized state with three categories of dyes, monocarboxylic mono-functional, bi-carboxylic bi functional and bi-carboxylic mono-functional. Two linkers (APTES and PEI) were used for attaching the dyes to the silanol terminated silicon surface. Geometries were optimized using density functional theory. Time dependant density functional theory was used to calculate the absorption spectra of free and attached dyes. B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP hybrid functional were used for the theoretical calculations. Experimental results showed that dyes upon immobilization experienced a large red shift in the absorption maxima. The value of the red shift in absorption maxima was comparable for both the linkers. Theoretical calculations indicated this large shift is not due to bond formation between dye and the linker. This leads to the conclusion that aggregation takes place between dye molecules upon immobilization but not in solution, and this causes the large red shift in the absorption maxima values of the immobilized dyes.

The anomalous magnetic moment of muons has been a long-standing problem in SM. The current deviation of experimental value of the $$(g-2)_{\mu }$$ ( g - 2 ) μ from the standard model prediction is exactly $$4.2\sigma $$ 4.2 σ . Two Higgs Doublet Models can accommodate this discrepancy but such type of model naturally generate flavor changing neutral current(FCNC). To prevent this it was postulated that 2HDM without FCNC required that all fermions of a given charge couple to the same Higgs boson but the rule breaks in Muon Specific Two Higgs Doublet Model where all fermions except muon couple to one Higgs doublet and muon with the other Higgs doublet. The muon specific 2HDM provides an explanation for muon anomaly for extremely large $$\tan \beta $$ tan β with a particular value of $$m_{12}^2$$ m 12 2 . As a result, the parameter space of $$m_{12}^2$$ m 12 2 drastically decreased for the muon anomaly solution. To evade the limitation of this model we have extended this model with a vector like lepton generation which could explain the muon anomaly at low $$\tan \beta $$ tan β value with a heavy pseudo scalar Higgs boson under the shadow of current experimental and theoretical constraints. Moreover, with the help of the cut based analysis and multivariate analysis methods, we have also attempted to shed some light on the potential experimental signature of vector lepton decay to the heavy Higgs boson in the LHC experiment. We have showed that a multivariate analysis can increase the vector like leptons signal significance even in the high VLL mass and low $$\tan \beta $$ tan β region than that of a cut based analysis.

This study investigates the prospect of discovering strongly interacting gluinos in different multi-lepton channels with lepton multiplicity greater than or equal to 2 at LHC RUN-III, considering several pMSSM scenarios. The effectiveness of the Multivariate Analysis (MVA) method with the Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) algorithm is explored in order to obtain a better significance for different models. Promising results are obtained for the 3-lepton channels, indicating that the use of MVA methods can improve the sensitivity of the search for gluinos at LHC RUN-III. The study probes the multi-lepton signatures arising from gluinos via intermediate eweakinos and sleptons at an early stage of the LHC RUN-III. The heavier eweakinos can give rise to three or four lepton signals in which the squark hierarchy between L and R types plays a crucial role. The study considers two sets of benchmark points that satisfy all the collider constraints obtained from the LHC RUN-II data. Moreover, these sets of benchmark points are mostly consistent with WMAP/PLANCK data and the muon (g-2) constraint. The corresponding results from the MVA technique demonstrate that even for an integrated luminosity of 260 f b −1 , the 5 σ discovery prospect of 3l + jets + E T for M g = 1.8 TeV in the wino type model is promising. The study also presents the other various models that may show up at the early stage of LHC RUN-III. The wino type models in the scenario where left squarks are light and right squarks are heavy, exhibit the best prospect of discovering gluinos in the multi-lepton channels in the LHC RUN-III experiment. This paper's findings provide crucial insights into the potential discovery of gluinos in multi-lepton channels, which lacks paying attention in the literature before.

This study investigates the prospect of discovering strongly interacting gluinos in different multi-lepton channels with lepton multiplicity greater than or equal to 2 at LHC RUN-III, considering several pMSSM scenarios. The effectiveness of the Multivariate Analysis (MVA) method with the Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) algorithm is explored in order to obtain a better significance for different models. Promising results are obtained for the 3-lepton channels, indicating that the use of MVA methods can improve the sensitivity of the search for gluinos at LHC RUN-III. The study probes the multi-lepton signatures arising from gluinos via intermediate eweakinos and sleptons at an early stage of the LHC RUN-III. The heavier eweakinos can give rise to three or four lepton signals in which the squark hierarchy between L and R types plays a crucial role. The study considers two sets of benchmark points that satisfy all the collider constraints obtained from the LHC RUN-II data. Moreover, these sets of benchmark points are mostly consistent with WMAP/PLANCK data and the muon (g-2) constraint. The corresponding results from the MVA technique demonstrate that even for an integrated luminosity of 270 $fb^{-1}$, the 5 $\sigma$ discovery prospect of $3l+ jets + \cancel{E_T}$ for $M_{\widetilde{g}}=1.8$ TeV in the wino type model is promising. The study also presents the other various models that may show up at the early stage of LHC RUN-III. The wino type models in the scenario where left squarks are light and right squarks are heavy, exhibit the best prospect of discovering gluinos in the multi-lepton channels in the LHC RUN-III experiment. This paper's findings provide crucial insights into the potential discovery of gluinos in multi-lepton channels. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd