No abstract

Based on the present modeling exercise, compared with SF, PHF-W appears to substantially reduce the risk of AD and its associated direct and indirect medical costs in healthy, at-risk urban Filipino infants over a 6-year period.

Objective: To evaluate and compare annual and biennial mammography screening rates across age, race, and geographic location (rural-urban) and to determine mammography screening persistence over 10 years among women enrolled in the West Virginia (WV) Medicaid Fee-for-Service (FFS) program. Methods: The WV Medicaid FFS administrative claims data for women recipients aged 40-64 from 1999 to 2008 were used for study purposes. Annual and biennial screening rates and persistence with screening were determined for women who were continuously enrolled in the WV Medicaid FFS program for respective calendar years. Results: A steady decline in the annual and biennial screening rates over a 10-year period (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) was observed among women recipients aged 40-64 years in the WV Medicaid FFS program, and screening persistence was also lower. Both annual and biennial screening rates and persistence varied by different demographic characteristics. Conclusions: Although mammography screening services are covered under Medicaid programs, underuse persists as a major concern. The results of this study emphasize the need to identify and address barriers to mammography screening in low-income rural populations.

The prevalence of HIV drug resistance varies with geographic location, year, and treatment exposure. This study generated yearly estimates of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance in treatment-naive (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) patients in the United States (US), Europe (EU), and Canada. Studies reporting NNRTI resistance identified in electronic databases and 11 conferences were analyzed in three groups: (1) TN patients in one of four geographic regions [US, Canada, EU countries with larger surveillance networks (''EU1''), and EU countries with fewer data (''EU2'')]; (2) TE patients from any region; and (3) TN patients failing NNRTI-based treatments in clinical trials. Analysis data included 158 unique studies from 22 countries representing 84 cohorts of TN patients, 21 cohorts of TE patients, and 8 trials reporting resistance at failure. From 1995 to 2000, resistance prevalence in TN patients increased in US and EU1 from 3.1% to 7.5% and 0.8% to 3.6%, respectively.

BackgroundBecause of the subjective nature of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) symptoms and the impact of these symptoms on sleep, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play a prominent role as study endpoints in clinical trials investigating RLS treatments. The objective of this study was to validate a new measure, the Post Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), to assess sleep dysfunction in subjects with moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms.MethodsPooled data were analyzed from two 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of gabapentin enacarbil (N = 540). At baseline and Week 12, subjects completed the PSQ and other validated health surveys: IRLS Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Medical Outcomes Study Scale-Sleep (MOS-Sleep), and RLS-Quality of Life (RLSQoL). Pooled data were used post hoc to examine the convergent, divergent, known-group validity and the responsiveness of the PSQ.ResultsConvergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between baseline PSQ items and total scores of IRLS, POMS, RLSQoL, and the MOS-Sleep Scale (p ≤ 0.007 each). Divergent validity was demonstrated through the lack of significant correlations between PSQ items and demographic characteristics. Correlations (p < 0.0001) between RLS severity groups and PSQ items demonstrated known-group validity. Mean changes in investigator- and subject-rated CGI-I scores for each PSQ item (p < 0.0001) demonstrated the PSQ's responsiveness to patient change as reported by their care provider.ConclusionsAlthough these analyses were potentially limited by the use of clinical trial data and not prospective data from a study conducted solely for validation purposes, the PSQ demonstrated robust psychometric properties and is a valid instrument for assessing sleep and sleep improvements in subjects with moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms.Trial RegistrationThis study analyzed data from two registered trials, NCT00298623 and NCT00365352.