With the development of new technologies, various drugs with higher efficacy have been found, but their therapeutic use is still limited owing to poor water solubility, which leads to poor systemic bioavailability. Currently, about 40% of newly discovered drugs have a solubility issue. It is a major challenge for formulation scientists to overcome this problem and make a robust and effective formulation. One such unique approach is to formulate the drug as nanocrystals which alter the physical characteristics of the drug, resulting in the development of a novel formulation strategy for poorly soluble drugs. Nanocrystals are produced by various techniques such as top-down, bottom-up, or combination methods. Nanocrystals improve the clinical application of problematic drug molecules by decreasing the particle size, enhancing the dissolution rate and reducing the dose requirement, etc. This approach is not only improving the bioavailability of the drug but also facilitates the drug targeting to specific sites due to its feasibility of surface modification and all administration routes. This article deals with the various aspects of nanocrystals including chemistry, production, stabilization, characterization, and application in the field of pharmacy.

This study aimed to elaborate on all the aspects of multivesicular liposomes, including structure, function, topology, etc. Liposomes are a unique drug delivery system, in which both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules can be incorporated. Particularly, multivesicular liposomes have more advantages than other liposomes because of their unique structure. This study provides an overview of several works already performed by various researchers in this field. Numerous studies have reported on preparing and evaluating multivesicular liposomes for drug delivery applications. This study summarizes the process of formulating multivesicular liposomes and their application in drug delivery systems and provides details about how to resolve the problem of limited solubility and stability of biomolecules, along with controlled drug release kinetics, with the possibility of loading various drugs. There is no doubt that multivesicular liposome opens new avenues to develop novel drug delivery system for achieving the desired functional performances and expanding the applications in the drug delivery area.