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A novel task-based ontology is proposed to improve the conceptual design at the level of a process unit for solution crystallization. The objective is to reduce the cost of resources and capital, and possibly lead to process intensification. The physical task concept is chosen to facilitate a more synthesis-focused, functional approach, as an alternative to the traditional way of thinking in geometric structures for existing equipment. The synthesis approach is to represent a crystallization unit as a structured set of basic functions (tasks), each of which transforms the physical state of matter from an initial state to some final desired target state by means of physical event(s). These tasks can be connected in a network to accomplish the transformation of the feed into the product within quality specifications. Because a task network is coupled with behavioral models of physical events, it can also be used in a process-modeling environment for synthesis, analysis, and optimization studies.

Occurrences of lymphoma and differentiated thyroid cancer are rare. Usually, involvement of the thyroid gland is seen as a part of extranodal involvement or as a part of radiation-induced malignant transformation in previously treated lymphoma patients. The incidence of synchronous hematological malignancy with differentiated thyroid cancer is 7%. The synchronous occurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer and lymphoma poses a significant diagnostic and treatment dilemma. Here we report a case series of four patients with lymphoma and differentiated thyroid cancer. All four patients had lymphoma treated first followed by definitive management of thyroid malignancy.

In the past decade, compact components such as Chip Scale Packages and flip chips were the work horses of miniaturization. However, emerging applications are now demanding even higher packaging density. In order to fulfill this requirement, three dimensional packaging was evolved. Advantages of three dimensional packaging structure include minimal conductor length and reduce speed limiting inter chip interconnects. In the past, this packaging approach was relegated to memory devices with relatively low power (flash). Recent focus, however, has been to extend the applications of stacked packages to include high performance memory, DRAM, logic-memory stack, system in a package etc. Stacked packages can be package-on-package or die stacked (with several dice inside the same casing) or both. It is common in a mobile phone that the stacked CSP is mounted on a circuit board and there is no space for air circulation. Depending on the power, due to the torturous heat flow path, it can result in high temperatures of the packaged die and the thermal specifications of the package can be easily exceeded. Hence there is a need for thermal simulation of a variety of packaging architecture for applications of interest. The objective of this paper was to perform thermal characterization of a commercially viable PoP. In order to model this PoP, flip chip logic die package was considered as the bottom package and two memory dice stacked package was considered as the top package. Eleven different scenarios were taken into consideration for the numerical analysis. Permutations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 1, 2 and 3 W memory die and logic die was considered respectively Additional two cases are also described. Steady state analysis was performed based on which guidelines were provided. For the analysis commercially available FEA tool was considered.

Telecommunication shelters form an important component at different levels of the wireless access network. They are commonly used as transmission hubs and base transceiver stations. The telecom shelter protects wireless transmitters and receiver electronics in the wireless network. They are stand-alone, modular structures that are supported with their own electrical and HVAC systems. Based on their locations they are designed to work over a wide range of environmental conditions with temperatures ranging from −40°C to 55°C and may be exposed to high humidity, and saline and corrosive environments. Cooling/heating systems typically consume 30% of the energy required to operate a wireless cell site. There is, therefore, an impetus to embark on initiatives to reduce this percentage as part of an effort to both save money, and to reduce the carbon footprint. In this paper various thermal design options to cut down on cooling/heating energy loads for these shelters are discussed. The effect of substituting active cooling/heating equipments used in shelter with a hybrid one. The hybrid cooling system consists of both the air conditioner and a blower. CFD analysis is performed to compare these designs and come up with a robust design solution. The best cooling methodology showed an energy saving of 40% with minimal impact on design temperature.