Both FGP and PCM are effective and safe, comparable with standard servo-controlled cooling equipment. PCM has the advantage of better maintenance of target temperature with less nursing input, when compared with FGP.

Background: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative neonatal sepsis is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Mucosal colonization with these organisms in hospitals may predispose neonates to septicemia. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of colonization of neonatal preterm gut with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and identify risk factors associated with colonization. Settings and Design: The study was a prospective observational study done in a Level 3 neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Stool samples from preterm babies were collected soon after birth and at 1 and 3 weeks of age after consent. Maternal stool sample was collected within 48 h after the delivery. Predetermined antenatal, neonatal, and environmental risk factors were recorded. Isolation and identification of organisms was done in a standardized manner; antibiotic susceptibility was done by the Kirby–Bauer method and results interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: Seventy-one percent of the babies were colonized by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) at birth, and 100% were colonized by the end of the 1 st week. The organisms commonly isolated were Escherichia coli , Klebsiella , NFGNB (Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli), Pseudomonas , and Enterobacter . Sixty-eight percent of the babies were colonized with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms, and 5% of the babies were colonized with carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs). In the babies who developed culture-positive sepsis, 21% had concordance of strains in the gut and blood. There was no association between maternal and neonatal colonization. Conclusions: The results show that neonatal gut is colonized by GNB from birth onward. However, the rate of colonization with CRO is low. An association was also observed between colonization and late-onset sepsis.

Background: Chronic abdominal pain is one of the most common problem dealt in day to day practice by paediatricians. In most of these children, no cause can be identified. Although it is common but its definition, pathophysiological mechanisms and predisposing factors are not completely understood & there is need for large well performed clinical trials for evidence based treatment. Methods: Hospital based prospective case control study conducted at Department of Paediatric. The study was commenced after obtaining clearance from institutional ethical committee. Written consent were taken from the parents for this study and those who were not willing excluded from study. Patients of age group 5 to 15 yrs of any gender presenting to paediatrics hospital (who fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria) with >3 episodes of abdominal pain in preceding year were enrolled for study. Results: Most common site of pain was upper abdomen present in 72% children, followed by lower abdomen in 22% children and generalized pain abdomen in 8% children. Prevalence of functional GI Disorders in children with RAP. 92% children had FGIDs while rest 8% children had organic or infectious aetiology. Conclusion: This study reports higher prevalence of FGIDs in children with RAP and also identifies the variables associated with increased risk of this disorder in children with RAP. Female gender, school going children, psychological stress, traumatic life event and lower socioeconomic status increase the prevalence. Keywords: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), Functional abdominal pain (FAP), Chronic abdominal pain.