Optically triggered
twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT)
states in donor–acceptor chromophores form the molecular basis
for designing bioimaging probes that sense polarity, microviscosity,
and pH in vivo. However, a lack of predictive understanding
of the “twist” localization precludes a rational design
of TICT-based dyes. Here, using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy,
we reveal a distinct Raman signature of the TICT state for a stilbazolium-class
mitochondrial staining dye. Resonance-selective probing of 4-N,N-diethylamino-4″-N′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DEST) tracks the excited-state
structure of the dye as it relaxes to a TICT state on a picosecond
time scale. The appearance of a remarkably blue-shifted C=C stretching
mode at 1650 cm–1 in the TICT state is attributed
to the “twist” of a single bond adjacent to the ethylenic
π-bridge in the DEST backbone based on detailed electronic structure
calculations and vibrational mode analysis. Our work demonstrates
that the π-bridge, connecting the donor and acceptor moieties,
influences the spatial location of the “twist” and offers
a new perspective for designing organelle-specific probes through
cogent tuning of backbone dynamics.
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